全身相关危险因素对糖尿病视网膜病变发生发展的影响

Effects of systemic risk factors on the development of diabetic retinopathy

糖尿病视网膜病变（diabetic retinopathy,DR）是糖尿病最为常见和严重的微血管并发症之一,发病过程缓慢,作用因素多,除血糖变化以外,还有血压、心血管等诸多方面变化.控制血压、血糖可防止、延缓DR的发生、发展.血管紧张素转化酶抑制因子有降血压作用,还能延缓DR发展;脂质代谢异常与黄斑硬性渗出、视力丧失有关;吸烟对DR的作用是双向的;妊娠与DR有关,若在怀孕前及怀孕期间血糖控制良好,对DR不会有长期影响;遗传学研究使我们更加了解DR的发病机制.

Diabetic retinopathy （DR） is one of the most common and severe microvascular complications of diabetes.The progress of the disease is slow, and affected by many factors.In addition to the change of blood glucose, many other aspects such as blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors were associated with DR.Controlling blood pressure and blood sugar can prevent and delay the occurrence and development of DR.Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory factor not only has the effect of reducing blood pressure, but also can delay the development of DR;The abnormality of lipid metabolism is generally considered to be associated with macular hard exudation and vision loss.The effect of smoking on DR is bidirectional.Pregnancy is correlated with DR, good glycemic control before conception and during pregnancy will not have long-term effects on DR.Genetic studies will be benifit for the further understanding on DR.