中国科技安全问题的历史考察

A Historical Study of the Science and Technology Security of China

科技安全问题是在世纪之交凸显出来的。从20世纪90年代以来,世界各国对科学技术越来越重视,把它作为捍卫国家利益、提高综合国力、参与全球化竞争的重要手段,科技安全成了国家安全总体态势的决定性标志之一。作者认为,制定并实施国家科技安全战略势在必行。了解国家科技问题的历史与现实状态,是制定相关战略的前提。文章从科技自身的发展规律、特点和作用,分析世界政治、经济、军事、科技等发展变化的环境和非传统安全问题的逐步突出,从我国科技发展的经验教训、未来发展目标、安全需求等三个方面,分六个阶段考察了我国历史上所面临的科技安全的主要问题、认识变迁及应对策略。

Science and Technology Security became salient at the turn of the 20 th and the 21 st century. Since 1990 s,various countries have paid increasing attention to science and technology, regarding it as important means to safeguarding national interests, improving comprehensive national power, and competing in global competition. Science and technology security become one of the determining symbols of national security. This paper holds that it＇s urgent that we should make and implement national strategy to ensure science and technology security, and that thorough understanding of history and status quo is the prerequisite for relevant strategy. This paper studies three aspects of this topic： the changing environment of global politics, economics, military, and science and technology; the prominence of non-traditional security problems; the lessons we learn from history and future goals. It also investigate major problems, recognitions and strategies concerning science and technology security in the six stages in the history of China.