2种保水剂对旱作土壤物理性状及马铃薯产量的影响比较

Comparative Effects of Two Super Absorbent on Soil Physical Properties of Dryland and Potato Yield

为促进宁夏干旱半干旱区马铃薯支柱产业的发展,解决马铃薯生产,特别是苗期干旱缺水等问题,以2种土壤保水剂（沃特保水剂和微生物保水剂）为对象,研究了不同保水剂施用量对旱作土壤物理性状及马铃薯产量的影响。结果表明,相对于不施保水剂处理（对照）,2种保水剂均可有效降低土壤容重,改善土壤孔隙结构,穴施沃特保水剂90 kg·hm-2的0~30 cm土层土壤容重显著降低9.0%,穴施微生物保水剂90 kg·hm-2的30~60 cm土层土壤孔隙度显著增加8.9%。施用微生物保水剂各处理使0~30 cm土层〉0.25 mm机械稳定性团聚体数量均较对照显著提高,施沃特保水剂各处理使30~60cm土层〉0.25 mm团聚体数量较对照显著提高。在马铃薯关键生育期,施用微生物保水剂可改善马铃薯生育前期0~100 cm土层土壤贮水量,而施用沃特保水剂可提高马铃薯生育中后期土壤水分状况。2种保水剂处理下,马铃薯产量均显著高于对照,其中穴施沃特保水剂60~90 kg·hm-2的增产效果最佳（41.4%）,商品薯率最高（21.1%）。该研究可为宁夏旱作区马铃薯合理施用保水剂提供参考。

In order to enhance production of potato as pillar industry in arid and semi-arid areas of Ningxia,and find a new way to solve drought and water shortage,especially at seedling stage of potato growth process,a field study was conducted to determine effects of super absorbent dosages on soil physical properties of dryland and potato yield by using two dosages of super absorbents（ Wote and Microbe）. The results showed that,the soil bulk density of the 0 to 30 cm depth was significantly decreased by 9. 0% compared with no aquasorbent applying（ CK） under using Wote super absorbent for 90 kg·hm- 2,but it greatly improved total soil porosity of the 30 to 60 cm depth by 8. 9% with using Microbe super absorbent for 90 kg·hm- 2. The Microbe super absorbent treatments produced higher amounts of〉 0. 25-mm macroaggregates compared with CK at the 0 to 30 cm depth. In contrast,the Wote super absorbent treatments produced higher amounts of 〉 0. 25-mm microaggregates at the 30 to 60 cm depth. The super absorbent treatments obviously increased the amount of soil water stored at the 0 to 100 cm depth during the critical growing stage of potato,and the Microbe super absorbent treatments improved soil water status best at early stage of potato. However,the Wote super absorbent treatments could significantly improve soil water status at expansion-maturity stage. Higher yield improvements were achieved with using two dosages of super absorbents compared with CK. The yield of potato was increased by 41. 1% with using Wote super absorbent for 60 to 90 kg·hm- 2,and the commodity rate improvements was21. 1% with using Wote super absorbent 60 to 90 kg·hm- 2,when compared with no aquasorbent applying respectively.This study could provide some reference for rational application of super absorbent in potato production in dry farming region of Ningxia.