从“坐”看义位的对立与演变

Opposition and Evolution of Glosseme of“Sit”

"坐"字在古汉语里存在着一对对立的义位"因为、由于"与"无故、自然",文中即以此为切入点,从共时和历时的角度分析了这一对对立义位的产生和发展演变的情况."坐"先是由于语法功能的改变导致其动词义位的虚化,随虚化程度的加深衍生出表示原因的介词义位以至其强势使用,表示"无故、自然"义位产生并与表原因的义位抗衡以达到语言内部的暂时平衡,表原因的义位重新取得词义内部的优势."坐"这一对对立义位的整个演变过程说明"坐"字对立义位变化的根本原因在于语言内部的不平衡性,反映了反义同词现象与辩证法之间的关系.

＂Sit＂ has a pair of opposite glossemes in ancient Chinese --＂because of＂ and ＂without reason＂. This paper analyzes the generation and evolution of the two opposite sememes of ＂sit＂ from the synchronic and diachronic perspectives. It is pointed out that the fundamental reason for the changes of the opposite sememe ＂sit＂ is the language internal inbalance, reflecting the relationship between the antisense on the same word and dialectics.