CFD技术在我国城市气候环境微尺度问题中的应用

Application of CFD Technique on Micro-Scale Issues in Urban Climatic Environment Researches in China

从城市风环境、热环境及空气污染等多个方面回顾了计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)技术在我国城市气候环境微尺度问题有关研究中的应用。通过回顾可发现,当城市气候环境研究着眼于城市街区尺度和城市冠层内部时,CFD可充分发挥其描述复杂几何形体的能力,给出街区内部的热力、动力以及物质扩散的细节,具有中尺度模式难以比拟的优势。我国在本领域的研究起步较晚,但近二十年来由于高速城市化进程所激发的强烈需求而发展迅速,已有大量研究在此领域开展并取得成果。未来随着高性能计算机计算能力的逐渐提高,CFD有望在大气环境质量预报、机场风切变预报以及风能评估等多个领域中投入业务应用。

Covering such aspects as urban wind environment, urban thermal environment and air pollution, the application of computational fluid dynamics（CFD） technique is reviewed on the micro-scale issues in urban climatic environment researches in China. Through the review it is found that when urban climatic environment researches focus on the urban neighborhood scale and focus on the phenomena within the urban canopy layer, CFD technique has special capabilities in describing complex geometries and provides the details of thermal, dynamic and diffusion processes within the urban blocks, which cannot be realized by mesoscale models. Generally speaking, the initiation of researches in this field in China is relatively late, but the progress made over the last 20 years is quite rapid and the achievements in this field are quite productive due to the strong demand inspired by the rapid urbanization process of China. In the future, along with the improvement of the capability of high performance computer, it is expected that CFD technique will be applied in many operational jobs, such as atmospheric environment forecasting, wind shear forecasting in airports and wind energy assessment.