中国南海海洋捕捞渔业发展趋势分析

Development Trends of Marine Capture Fisheries in South China Sea

近年来,南海捕捞渔业产量总体稳定略有下降,捕捞主体以广东、海南、广西为主,捕捞品种丰富,捕捞渔船以中小型渔船居多,捕捞作业方式以中小型船拖网、中型船刺网为主,捕捞产值总体变化不大,捕捞收益不均衡。基于捕捞品种与资源渐趋衰退的现状,从捕捞品种与捕捞资源、捕捞渔船装备及作业方式、捕捞渔民等角度提出如下建议:建立全面、科学、准确的南海渔业资源评估与捕捞配额机制;加快捕捞渔船及作业方式的更新、升级,并建立相应的渔船动态追踪系统;建立捕捞渔民入渔许可制度与捕捞配额可转让制度。

In recent years, the output of capture fisheries in South China Sea was stable in general with a slight decrease and main fishing vessels were from Guangdong, Hainan and Guangxi. Fishing species were varied, most of the fishing vessels were small and medium-sized and fishing methods were mostly constituted by trawl fishing in small ＆ medium-sized fishing vessels and gillnet fishing in medium-sized fishing vessels. There was little change in the output value in general, and the fishing income was not balanced. Based on the situation of the gradual decline of the fishing species and resources, from the perspective such as fishing species and resources, fishing equipment and methods of vessels and fishermen, the authors put forward suggestions as follows： establishing comprehensive, scientific and accurate assessment mechanism of fishery resources and fishing quota in South China Sea; accelerating the update and upgrading of fishing vessels and mode and building a corresponding dynamic tracking system for fishing vessels; establishing fishing license for fishermen and transfer system of fishing quota.