跨国零售企业如何影响了中国制造业企业的技术创新?

How Does Global Retail Chains Affect Innovation of the Manufacturing Enterprises in China?

本文应用11家主要的跨国连锁零售企业在287个城市的门店分布数据,结合1998—2007年中国工业企业数据库,考察了跨国零售企业在中国市场的扩张对制造企业创新的影响。研究发现:(1)平均而言,跨国零售企业在中国的市场扩张显著地促进了制造企业研发投入的提高;(2)随着跨国零售企业市场势力的增强,其负面作用逐渐凸显,并且制造业企业自身的市场势力越弱,这种负面作用就越为明显;(3)跨国零售企业在中国市场的扩张对不同行业不同企业的影响具有差异性,对出口企业以及高运输成本企业创新的影响最为显著。要着眼于加强上下游市场间的纵向联系,促进高效产业链的形成,发挥商业服务业对制造行业的拉动作用,实现我国产业结构的升级,转变我国经济的发展方式。

The aim of this paper is to discuss the relationship between market expansion of global retail chains in China and the innovation of manufacturing enterprises. Using the store information of 11 global retail chains in 287 cities and China＇s industrial enterprise database from 1998 to 2007, we have found that the market expansion of global retail chains generally promote the innovation of manufacturing enterprises in China. However, as their market power rises, global retail chains exert a detrimental effect on innovation. This effect is more pronounced for manufacturing firms having weak market power. Besides, the expansion of global retail chains in China has heterogeneous effects on firms differing in market share, financial liquidity, and reliance on transportation. In detail, export firms and firms high transportation cost firms are significantly benefited from the expansion of multinational retailers. The vertical links between the upstream and downstream market should be strengthened to promote the formation of efficient industry chain and encourage the role of service industry in driving forward the upgrading of industrial structure in China.