玉龙雪山牦牛坪景区路径沿线的植被及土壤特征分析

Analysis of vegetation and soil characteristics alongside trails in Yak Meadow Park,Jade Dragon Mountain

以玉龙雪山牦牛坪景区的亚高山草甸为研究对象,运用方差分析、非度量多维测度分析以及回归分析等方法确定研究区路径沿线植被及土壤特征的变化规律,及其在不同类型路径沿线的差异。结果表明,1)垂直于路径方向上,随距离路径边缘距离(DIST)的增加,植被盖度、高度及物种数呈上升趋势,土壤pH呈下降趋势,土壤有机质(SOM)、全氮(TN)及土壤含水量呈现上升趋势;2)随着DIST的增加,杂类草植物所占比重降低,禾本科植物增加;3)正式路径(人工栈道)沿线的植被盖度及高度、SOM、TN及土壤含水量一般要高于非正式路径(非人工铺设的土石路),土壤pH要低于非正式路径,且两种类型路径沿线植被特征的差异在DIST 9m范围内明显;4)所构建的植被综合指数(VAI)与土壤综合指数(SAI)显示,距离路径边缘3m范围内VAI与背景样存在显著差异(P<0.05),而SAI与背景样存在显著差异的范围要比VAI大,土壤的变化滞后于植被的变化;5)正式路径沿线7m、非正式路径沿线12m的范围是今后景区需采取管理措施重点恢复的区域。

Trails used in tourism are essential for sustainable recreation practices,but they also have impacts on trailside vegetation and soil.There is limited recreation ecology research on the impact of trails in China,and especially on Jade Dragon Mountain,a globally recognized biodiversity site with high scenic value.To quantify the changing pattern of vegetation and soil alongside trails and their variation between different trail types,field investigations have been carried out in the subalpine meadows of Jade Dragon Mountain.Analysis of variance (ANOVA),non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS)and regression analysis have been applied to the da-ta collected.The results showed that:1)With increasing distance to the edge of trail (DIST),vegetation cov-er,height,species richness,soil organic matter (SOM),total nitrogen (TN)and soil moisture content tended to increase,while soil pH decreased.2)With increased DIST,the percentage of herbs decreased and grass in-creased.3)Vegetation cover,height,SOM,TN and soil moisture content alongside formal trails (created with wooden building materials)were generally higher than those alongside informal trails (unpaved paths),while soil pH alongside formal trails was lower than informal trails.The difference in vegetation characteristics between the two types of trail was obvious to the range of 7 m DIST.4)The vegetation aggregative index (VAI)within a range of 3 m to the trails was significantly different compared to background sites (P <0.05). The changing pattern of VAI and the soil aggregative index (SAI)indicated that soil changes lag behind vegeta-tion changes.5)The study indicates that a 7 m range to the edge of formal trails and 12 m to the edge of infor-mal trails are the key spatial areas requiring management for ecological restoration.