2001-2011年石羊河流域水资源生态足迹研究

Ecological footprint of water resources in the Shiyang River Basin from 2001-2011

水资源是人类社会和生态系统可持续发展的基础性资源。随着人口增长和经济社会发展,水资源短缺和水环境恶化已经成为全球性问题,处于干旱内陆区的石羊河流域更是面临着生产生活用水与生态用水的巨大矛盾。利用生态足迹法构建了石羊河流域农业用水、工业用水、城镇公共用水、生活用水和生态环境用水5个二级水资源账户,研究了石羊河流域水资源承载力与生态赤字,结果表明,2001-2011年石羊河流域水资源承载力平均为1955.5hm2,呈现出波动下降的趋势,水资源承载力与耕地面积存在显著负相关关系;石羊河流域水资源生态足迹平均为43531.04hm2,呈现出"先增后减再增"的趋势;石羊河流域生态赤字平均为41575.55hm2,呈现"先增后降"趋势,与总水资源生态足迹变化趋势一致。未来在水资源管理方面首先要调整产业结构,特别是不适宜再扩大种植业面积,进一步扩大节水灌溉面积。

Water is an important resource for all human beings and for the sustainable development of ecosys-tems.The Shiyang River Basin is one of the continental drainage basins in Northwest China where the level of water utilization is very high,and the shortage of water resources is therefore serious.Furthermore,the envi-ronment is fragile,and the social and economic development is restricted.This paper studies the water con-sumption by the human population and the impact on the natural ecological environment.Quantitative indica-tors of the influence are developed to statistically define data of water resources in the Shiyang River Basin.We introduce a concept of regional water resource carrying capacity.The ecological footprint method is used to build a model of the ecological carrying capacity of water resources for the Shiyang River Basin,and calculate the ecological water resource carrying capacity of the Basin.The average water resource carrying capacity was 1955.5 ha,and the ecological footprint is 43531.04 ha.Therefore the average ecological deficit for 2001-2011 in the Shiyang River Basin was 41575.55 ha.Future water resource management should include appropriate im-migration policy,adjustment of industrial activity;planting area should not increase,and public education toenhance awareness of water conservation issues should be implemented.