燃煤污染型氟中毒仔鼠成釉细胞损伤模型的建立

Establishment of a fluorosis model induced by coal burning in ameloblasts of rat offspring

目的 建立燃煤污染型氟中毒（简称燃煤型氟中毒）仔鼠成釉细胞损伤模型。方法模拟病区燃煤方式。构建高氟空气饲养室，以燃煤型氟中毒病区煤烘玉米制作含氟饲料。将36只SD大鼠按体质量采用随机数字表法分为3组：高氟组（在高氟空气饲养室饲养，饲以含氟40mg／＇kg的饲料）、低氟组（在高氟空气饲养室饲养，饲以含氟25mg／kg的饲料）、对照组（在普通饲养室饲养，饲以普通饲料），每组12只，雌雄比为2：1。8周末按雌雄比2：1合笼。交配产仔。分别于第0、2、4、6、8周采用氟离子选择电极法检测亲代大鼠血清氟含量。仔鼠分别在出生后第3、7天时处死（n=12），用光学显微镜观察下切牙牙胚中成釉细胞的形态学变化。结果第0、2、4、6、8周高氟组亲代大鼠血清氟含量分别为（0．031±0．003）、（0．060±0．006）、（0．085±0．006）、（O．110±0．007）、（0．134±0．008）mg／L，低氟组分别为（0．031±0．003）、（O．046±0．005）、（0．077±0．006）、（0．091±0．007）、（0．104±0．007）mg／L，对照组分别为（0．030±0．003）、（0．037±0．002）、（0．044±0．002）、（0．046±0．003）、（0．049±0．003）mg／L。其中，第2、4、6、8周高氟组和低氟组亲代大鼠血清氟含量明显高于对照组（P均〈0．05）。光镜下第7天高氟组仔鼠下切牙牙胚中成釉细胞排列紊乱，部分可见空泡性变；而低氟组和对照组成釉细胞均未见明显改变。结论通过给母鼠提供高氟空气环境和高氟食物，可以成功建立燃煤型氟中毒仔鼠成釉细胞损伤模型。

Objective To establish a fluorosis model induced by coal burning and in ameloblasts of rat offsprings. Methods High fluoride air model was established based on the burning coal habit of the epidemic areas. Fluoride feed was made of corn dried by coal burn ing. Thirty-six SD rats were divided into 3 groups by random number table method according to body weight in a male and female ratio of 2 ： 1： in the high fluoride air room and rats were feed food with fluorine at 40 mg/kg （high fluoride group）, 25 mg/kg （low fluoride group）; in the normal air room and rats were feed food with fluorine at 0 mg/kg （the control group）, 12 rats in each group. Mating litter in a ratio of 2 ： 1 at the end of 8 weeks. The offsprings were killed on postnatal day 3 and 7 to make mandible sections. Specimens were prepared for light microscope examination to observe the morphological changes of ameloblasts in the tooth germ. Results At the end of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks, serum fluoride of the high fluoride group were （0.031±0.003）, （0.060± 0.006）, （0.085 ± 0.006）, （0.110±0.007） and （0.134 ± 0.008） mg/L; serum fluoride of the low fluoride group were （0.031 ± 0.003）, （0.046 ± 0.005）, （0.077±0.006）, （0.091 ± 0.007） and （0.104 ± 0.007） rag/L; serum fluoride of the control group were （0.030±0.003）, （0.037 ± 0.002）, （0.044 ±0.002）, （0.046 ± 0.003） and （0.049 ± 0.003） mg/L. At the end of 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks, serum fluoride of high fluoride group and low fluoride group were significantly higher than that of control group （all P 〈 0.05）. At 7 d, offspring rats in high fluoride group, adamantoblasts were in distortions and vacuole changes, but offspring rats in low fluoride group and the control group had no abnormality. Conclusion By providing rat with high fluoride air and food, we could establish a fluorosis model induced by coal burning in ameloblasts of rat offsprings.