天津市成人碘摄入及碘营养状况调查分析

An investigation of iodine intake and iodine nutritional status of adults in Tianjin City

目的 掌握天津市成人碘摄入及碘营养状况，为当地选择适宜盐碘含量提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段随机抽样法，在天津市按东、南、西、北4个方位抽取南开区、蓟县、大港区、汉沽区4个非水源高碘区县，每个区县抽取1～4个行政村（居委会）作为调查点。每个调查点抽取10～15户，调查每户家庭≥18岁的所有成员（不包括孕妇和哺乳妇女）。共调查225户404人，检测家庭盐碘、水碘和调查对象尿碘，并采用膳食频率调查法，以问卷形式调查居民每日摄入碘量。盐碘检测采用直接滴定法，水碘检测采用硫酸铈催化分光光度法，尿碘检测采用尿中碘的砷铈催化分光光度测定方法。结果共采集24份居民饮用水，水碘中位数为8．0μg/L；共采集盐样225份，盐碘中位数为23．30mg／kg；共采集尿样404份，尿碘中位数为149．0ug／L。共收集食盐摄入量和膳食摄碘量调查问卷393份，人均食用盐摄入量为（11．45±5．70）g／a，居民食盐摄碘量中位数为148．75μg／a，通过食物获取碘量中位数为82．47μg／a。碘盐摄碘量对碘摄入总量贡献率为68．99％（193．18／280．00），尿碘值和碘摄入总量两者呈正相关（r=0．170，P〈0．05）。结论天津市成人碘营养处于适宜水平。碘盐是成人碘摄入量的主要来源，因此，盐碘是成人保持适宜碘营养不可或缺的来源。

Objective To study the intake of iodine and iodine nutritional status of adults and provide a scientific basis for choosing appropriate salt iodine content in the region. Methods By using multi stage random sampling method, according to the four corners of 4 directions, 4 non water iodine counties or districts were selected from Nankai District, Jixian County, Dagang District and Hangu District. Totally 1 to 4 administrative villages were selected （neighborhood committees） from each district or county as the survey points. Ten to 15 households were selected from each survey points. All the members more than 18 years old of each household were investigated （excluding pregnant and lactating women）. Of the 225 households, 404 people, salt iodine of the family, urinary iodine and water iodine were detected. The questionnaire survey was used to investigate the daily salt intake of residents per capita. The daily intake of iodine was calculated by the method of dietary frequency. Salt iodine content was detected by direct titration method; iodine in water was detected by cerium sulfate catalytic spectrophotometry; urinary iodine was detected by arsenic cerium catalytic speetrophotometry. Results A total of 24 drinking water samples were tested, the median water iodine was 8.0 μg/L. A total of 225 salt samples and 404 urine samples were tested, the medians of family salt and urinary iodine were 23.30 mg/kg and 149.0 μg/L, respectively. Investigation was done on salt intake and dietary intake of 393 people, the per capita consumption of salt intake was （11.45± 5.70） g/d. Salt supplied 148.75 μg/d iodine and food supplied 82.47 μg/d iodine. The total contribution rate of iodized salt to the total iodine intake was 68.99% （193.18/280.00） in the population of iodized salt consumer. The value of urinary iodine and iodine intake were correlated （r = 0.170, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions The adult iodine nutrition in Tianjin city is in the appropriate level. Iodized salt is the main source of iodine intake for adults, so salt iodine is a indispensable iodine nutrition source for adults.