421例玫瑰痤疮患者临床特征分析

Clinical analysis of 421 cases of rosacea

目的分析玫瑰痤疮患者的临床表现，提高对玫瑰痤疮临床特征的认识。方法回顾性分析421例玫瑰痤疮患者，统计分析其性别、年龄、皮损部位、皮损表现及自觉症状得分。结果421例玫瑰痤疮患者中男58例，女363例，男女比例为1：6．25，男女各年龄段均可发病。玫瑰痤疮患者最常见的皮损表现为阵发性潮红（93．8％，395／421）、持久性红斑（84．3％，355／421）及炎性丘疹（68．9％，290／421），且多同时出现≥2种皮损表现（83．1％），阵发性潮红及持久性红斑最常同时出现。患者最常累及部位为颊部（87．2％，367／421），鼻部（76．5％，322／421）及口周（63．7％，268／421），多同时累及≥3个部位（67．2％），且颊部、鼻部及口周为最常同时累及的部位。自觉症状中最常见的3大症状为灼热感（73．6％，310／421）、干燥感（69．6％，293／421）及瘙痒感（66．0％，278／421）。结论颊部、鼻部或口周部的阵发性潮红及持久性红斑为玫瑰痤疮的主要症状，炎性丘疹、脓疱、鼻赘、毛细血管扩张及灼热、干燥、瘙痒感为玫瑰痤疮的重要临床表现。

Objective To analyze clinical manifestations of patients with rosacea so as to improve the understanding of clinical characteristics of rosacea. Methods Clinical data on patients＇ gender, age, lesion location and type, and subjective symptoms were collected from 421 patients with rosacea, and retrospectively analyzed. Results Of the 421 patients, 58 were male and 363 were female with a male/female ratio of 1 ： 6.25. The patients aged 33.81 ± 11.32 years, and rosacea could occur at all ages in both genders. The most common skin lesions were intermittent flushing （93.8%, 395/421 ）, persistent erythema （84.3%, 355/421 ） and inflammatory papules （68.9%, 290/421 ）. Two or more types of skin lesions were usually concurrent, and 83.1% of these patients had concurrent skin lesions. Intermittent flushing and persistent erythema were the most common concurrent lesions. Moreover, the most frequently involved regions were the cheek （87.2%, 367/421 ）, nose （76.5%, 322/421 ）, and perioral areas （63.7%, 268/421 ）. Three or more areas were involved concurrently in 67.2% of these patients, and the cheek, nose and perioral areas appeared to be the most frequently concurrently affected regions. The three most common subjective symptoms were burning sensation （73.6%, 310/421 ）, dryness sensation （69.6%, 293/421） and itching （66.0%, 278/421 ）. Conclusion Intermittent flushing and persistent erythema in the cheek, nose, or perioral regions are the main clinical symptoms of rosacea, and papules/ pustules, rhinophyma, telangiectasia, burning sensation, dryness sensation and itching are important clinical manifestations of rosacea.