计算的极限

The limits of computation

计算深刻地影响着人们的日常生活和生产活动,也推动了诸多其他科学领域的发展和变革.本文从几个不同的方面探讨计算的能力和极限.从计算的模型和丘奇图灵论题,到P和NP问题的深远影响及量子计算对传统计算的冲击,我们深入讨论了对计算极限的理解.

The powerful idea of computation has accompanied the development of human civilization, has deeply changed the way we live and work, and has accelerated the advancement of many areas of sciences. In this article, we explore the power and limits of computation from several different perspectives. We will discuss topics from the models of computation and Church-Turing thesis, to the impact of the P versus NP problem and quantum computing on our understanding of the limits of computation. More concretely, we will explore the computability and the halting problem, the efficiency problem of computation, the P versus NP problem. We then move on to the discussion of quantum computation, quantum algorithm for factoring and its implications, quantum simulation and the relation between quantum and classical computations.