金属表面Ni-P化学镀层研究现状

Research Status of Ni-P Electroless Plating on Metal Surface

从力学和耐蚀性能方面,综述了Ni-P二元化学镀层、三元化学镀层和化学复合镀层的研究现状。对于不同基材上的二元镀层,表面钝化剂、络合剂和热处理影响碳钢二元镀层的力学与耐蚀性能;表面阳极化、激光表面合金化和热处理影响铝合金二元镀层的附着力、耐蚀性与硬度;表面阳极活化和热处理影响不锈钢二元镀层的结合力与硬度。对于三元镀层,热处理和激光晶化影响Ni-W-P三元镀层的耐磨性与耐蚀性;含Mo元素的Ni-Mo-P三元镀层在不同温度下热处理后,均表现出良好的耐蚀性;稀土金属氧化物可改变三元化学镀层的镀速、表面质量、晶体结构与耐蚀性能。对于复合镀层,由于添加了Si C,Si O_2,WC和PTFE等不溶性粒子,因此硬度、耐磨性、耐蚀性和自润滑性得到提高。三元化学镀层与化学复合镀层的力学和耐蚀性能明显优于二元化学镀层,是Ni-P化学镀研究和发展的方向。

This paper reviewed the current research status of Ni-P binary electroless plating,ternary electroless plating and electroless composite plating from the aspects of mechanical property and corrosion resistance. Surface passivation agent,complexing agent and heat treatment affect the mechanical property and corrosion resistance of binary plating on different substrates. Surface anodizing,laser surface alloying and heat treatment influence the adhesion,hardness and corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy binary plating. Anode activation and heat treatment affect the adhesion and hardness of stainless steel binary plating. Heat treatment and laser crystallization affect the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of Ni-W-P ternary plating. Ni-Mo-P ternary plating shows good corrosion resistance after heat treatment at different temperature. Rare earth metal can change the plating speed,surface quality,crystal structure and corrosion resistance of ternary electroless plating. Si C,Si O_2,WC and PTFE insoluble particles can improve the hardness,wear resistance,corrosion resistance and self-lubrication of electroless composite plating. The mechanical property and corrosion resistance of ternary electroless plating and composite plating are obviously better than those of Ni-P binary electroless plating. The study of ternary electroless plating and composite plating is the direction of the research and development.