抗痛风药不良反应文献分析

Literature Analysis of ADR Caused by Antigout Agents

目的:探讨抗痛风药致药品不良反应(ADR)发生的规律及特点,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法:检索1979年1月-2014年12月报道的抗痛风药致ADR文献146篇共计167例,并进行分析。结果:167例ADR中,男、女性的比例为5.4∶1,70岁以上发生ADR患者比例最高(34.14%);别嘌呤醇引起的ADR最多(137例);抗痛风药的ADR主要为皮肤及其附件损害(60.00%)、全身性反应(9.19%)、泌尿系统损害(5.95%)等,具体临床表现为皮疹(51例)、剥脱性皮炎(38例)、药物超敏综合征(13例)、中毒性表皮坏死松解症(11例)、重症多形红斑(9例)等;新的严重的ADR有66例;13例严重的ADR患者死亡。结论:抗痛风药引发的ADR较为常见,临床使用时应严格按照说明书、治疗指南用药,及时处理、加强对患者的监护,以确保患者用药安全,提高临床治疗水平。

OBJECTIVE：To investigate rules and characteristics of ADR induced by antigout agents,and to provide reference for clinical rational drug use. METHODS：A total of 146 literatures,167 putients of ADR induced by antigout agents,which were reported during Jan. 1979-Dec. 2014. RESULTS：Of 167 ADR cases,the ratio of male to female was 5.4 ∶ 1,and ADR patients aged above 70 years occupied the highest proportion（34.14%）;Most ADR were induced by allopurinol（137 cases）ADR induced by antigout agents mainly were dermal system injury（60.00%）,systemic reaction（9.19%）,urinary system injury（5.95%）,etc.and the specific performance manifested as erythra（51 cases）,dermatitis exfoliativa（38 cases）,drug hypersensitivity syndrome（13 cases）,bullous epidermal necrolysis type of drug eruption（11 cases）,Stevens-Johnson syndrome（9 cases）and so on. New and severe ADR were 66 cases,13 cases of severe ADR were dead. CONCLUSIONS：ADR induced by antigout agents is common in clinical and should be treated promptly,patient＇s care also should be strengthen to ensure patient medication safety and improve clinical treatment.