我院抗菌药物致不良反应233例分析

Analysis of 233 Cases of ADR Induced by Antibacterials in Our Hospital

目的:了解我院抗菌药物致药品不良反应(ADR)发生的特点和规律,为促进临床合理用药提供参考。方法:收集我院2013年10月-2015年6月上报国家ADR监测中心的抗菌药物致ADR报告233例,对其涉及的患者年龄与性别、给药途径、抗菌药物种类、ADR发生时间及累及器官/系统等进行统计分析。结果:≤18岁和≥70岁患者ADR发生率较高,分别占19.3%、18.5%;男性多于女性;静脉给药途径ADR发生率最高,占94.0%;头孢菌素类引发的ADR最多,占33.9%;ADR发生多在用药后1 d内,占63.9%;ADR主要累及皮肤及其附件,占39.3%。结论:坚持明确指征用药,在用药前详细询问过敏史,并以合理的剂量、适宜的给药途径及疗程予以治疗,在发现ADR后及时处理,可减少ADR造成的损害。

OBJECTIVE：To investigate the characteristics and regulations of antibacterials-induced adverse drug reactions（ADR）in our hospital,and to provide reference for promoting rational drug use. METHODS：233 patients with antibacterials-induced ADR in our hospital from Oct. 2013 to Jun. 2015 were selected and analyzed statistically according to patient＇s age and gender,route of administration,the type of antibacterials,occurrence time,organs/systems involved in ADR,etc. RESULTS：There were a large number of ADR in patients age ≤18 and ≥70 years,accounting for 19.3% and 18.5%;the male was more than the female;the incidence of ADR induced by intravenous route was the highest,accounting for 94.0%. Most of ADR was caused by cephalosporins,accounting for 33.9%;ADR often occurred within 1 d after medication,accounting for 63.9%;lesion of skin and its appendants injury was main ADR,accounting for 39.3%. CONCLUSIONS：Adhere to the＂clear indications＂,a detailed inquiry about allergy history before drug use,right dose,suitable route of administration and course,and timely ADR disposal can reduce the damage caused by ADR.