前后联合入路切除胸腰段椎管巨大哑铃形肿瘤的疗效观察

COMBINED POSTERIOR AND ANTERIOR APPROACHES FOR RESECTION OF THORACOLUMBAR SPINAL HUGE DUMBBELL-SHAPED TUMOR

目的探讨前后联合入路切除胸腰段椎管巨大哑铃形肿瘤的临床疗效。方法 2009年1月-2015年3月,采用经后正中入路联合侧前方经膈肌脚、胸膜外腹膜后入路切除胸腰段椎管巨大哑铃形肿瘤12例。男9例,女3例;年龄30~65岁,平均45岁。病程8~64周,平均12.7周。椎管外肿瘤部分位于T12、L1 6例,L1、25例,L2、3 1例;肿瘤大小范围为4.3 cm×4.0 cm×3.5 cm^7.5 cm×6.3 cm×6.0 cm。根据椎管外肿瘤累及的范围与部位,在Eden分型基础上对胸腰段Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型肿瘤在纵向和横向的侵犯范围进行二次评估,横向为b型5例,d型2例,e型4例,f型1例;纵向累及2个节段椎体8例,2个以上节段椎体4例。术后定期随访观察肿瘤切除情况、是否复发及脊柱稳定性等;采用语言疼痛程度分级法(VRS)评价术后疼痛改善情况。结果手术时间150~230 min,平均170 min;术中失血量270~600 m L,平均350 m L。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无切口及胸腔感染等并发症发生。术后组织病理学确诊为神经鞘瘤10例,神经纤维瘤2例。12例均获随访,随访时间6个月~6年,平均31个月。神经症状均明显改善,腰背部无异常酸痛感。复查胸腰段X线片、MRI未见肿瘤残留,随访期间无病变复发及内固定物松动、断裂,脊柱侧弯等并发症发生。患者术前VRS分级为Ⅰ级2例、Ⅱ级8例、Ⅲ级2例,末次随访时恢复至0级10例、Ⅰ级2例,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(Z=—3.217,P=0.001)。结论经后正中入路联合侧前方经膈肌脚、胸膜外腹膜后入路可安全、完整地切除胸腰段椎管巨大哑铃形肿瘤,并可较好地保护胸腰段脊柱稳定性及椎旁肌肉功能,对于复杂分型的胸腰段椎管哑铃形肿瘤可取得较好疗效。

Objective To investigate the surgical outcome of combined posterior and anterior approaches for the resection of thoracolumbar spinal canal huge dumbbell-shaped tumor. Methods Between January 2009 and March 2015, 12 patients with thoracolumbar spinal canal huge dumbbell-shaped tumor were treated by posterior approach and anterolateral approach through diaphragmatic crura and thoracoabdominal incision for complete resection. There were 9 males and 3 females, with an average age of 45 years（range, 30-65 years）. The disease duration was 8-64 weeks（mean, 12.7 weeks）. The tumor was located at T12, L1 in 6 cases, at L1, 2 in 5 cases, and at L2, 3 in 1 case. The tumor size ranged from 4.3 cm×4.0 cm×3.5 cm to 7.5 cm×6.3 cm×6.0 cm. According to tumor outside the spinal involvement scope and site and based on the typing of Eden, 5 cases were rated as type b, 2 cases as type d, 4 cases as type e, and 1 case as type f in the transverse direction; two segments were involved in 8 cases, and more than two segments in 4 cases. The degree of tumor excision, tumor recurrence, and the spine stability were observed during follow-up. The verbal rating scale（VRS） was used to evaluate pain improvement. Results The average surgical time was 170 minutes（range, 150-230 minutes）; the average intraoperative blood loss was 350 m L（range, 270-600 m L）. All incisions healed by first intention, and no thoracic cavity infection and other operation related complication occurred. Of 12 cases, 10 were histologically confirmed as schwannoma, and 2 as neurofibroma. The patients were followed up 6 months to 6 years（mean, 31 months）. Neurological symptoms were significantly improved in all patients, without lower back soreness. The thoracolumbar X-ray film and MRI showed no tumor residue. No tumor recurrence, internal fixator loosening, scoliosis, and other complications were observed during follow-up. VRS at last follow-up was significantly improved to grade 0（10 cases） or grade I（2 cases） from preoperative grade I（2 cases）, grade II（8 cases）, and grade III（2 cases）（Z= —3.217, P=0.001）. Conclusion Combined posterior approach and anterolateral approach through diaphragmatic crura and thoracoabdominal incision for complete resection of thoracolumbar spinal canal huge dumbbell-shaped tumor is feasible and safe, and can protect the stability of thoracolumbar spine and paraspinal muscle function. It can obtain satisfactory clinical result to use this method for treating the complex type of thoracolumbar spinal canal dumbbell-shaped tumor.