城镇化进程中失地老年人主观生活质量及其影响因素

Subjective quality of life and its influential factors among rural elders losing land due to urbanization

目的探讨城镇化进程中失地老年人主观生活质量现状及其影响因素,为提升失地老年人的生活质量提供参考依据。方法采用自行编制"城镇化进程中失地老年人的主观生活质量量表"对在江西省吉安市采用分层抽样与配额抽样相结合的方法抽取的1 300名失地老年人进行问卷调查。结果失地老年人生活适应、娱乐休闲、居住环境、生活保障、安置房、身心健康、生活便利、生活观念、邻里关系9个因子得分和主观生活质量总分分别为(4.196±0.621)、(3.559±1.185)、(4.057±1.15)、(3.930±0.787)、(4.180±0.847)、(4.010±1.145)、(5.300±1.094)、(4.673±0.611)、(4.610±1.172)和(4.320±1.494)分;多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示,失地时间、安置房是否落实、失地后月均收入水平、是否与子女共同居住及对生活适应、居住环境、生活保障、安置房、身心状况、生活观念是城镇化进程中失地老年人主观生活质量的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论城镇化进程中失地老年人的总体主观生活质量不高,影响因素复杂,应从多方面提升其主观生活质量。

Objective To examine subjective quality of life（ QOL） and its influential factors among elder farmers losing their land due to the process of urbanization and to provide a scientific basis for improving QOL among the landless elders. Methods With stratified sampling and quota sampling,1 300 elder farmers losing their land due to urbanization were selected from Ji＇an municipality of Jiangxi province and surveyed on subjective QOL and its influencing factors with a self-designed questionnaire. Results Among the landless elders,the average score for overall subjective QOL was4. 610 ± 1. 172,with the domain scores of 4. 196 ± 0. 621 for life adaptation,3. 559 ± 1. 185 for leisure and entertainment,4. 057 ± 1. 15 for living environment,3. 930 ± 0. 787 for life insurance,4. 180 ± 0. 847 for housing,4. 010 ± 1. 145 for physical and mental health,5. 300 ± 1. 094 for living facilities,4. 673 ± 0. 611 for life idea,and 4. 610 ± 1. 172 for neighborhood relation,respectively. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that the duration since losing the land,whether having government commitment for housing,monthly income,whether living together with their children,life adaptation,living environment,social security,housing condition,physical and mental health,and life idea were influential factors of subjective QOL（ all P〈0. 05）. Conclusion Subjective QOL is at a lowlevel and influenced by complex factors among rural elders losing land due to urbanization and special concern should be paid to the situation to improve QOL of the landless elders.