MAPK信号转导通路与神经损伤研究进展

Progress in studies on MAPK signal transduction pathway and nerve injury

丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPKs)是一种胞浆内广泛分布的丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶,在真核细胞中,由4条平行的信号转导通路组成。细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶1/2(ERK 1/2)通路、c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)和(或)应激活化蛋白激酶(SAPK)通路、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 MAPK)通路和细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶5(ERK5)/大丝裂原活化蛋白激酶1(BM K 1)通路。近年来的研究发现M APK信号通路与神经损伤相关。ERK 1/2和p38在神经损伤的区域迅速磷酸化激活,减少神经损伤对机体带来的影响;磷酸化JNK在神经损伤部位聚集,促进神经细胞的凋亡,加重神经损伤的发生;ERK 5是细胞增殖与分化、器官发生与胚胎发育中不可缺少的信号蛋白,磷酸化ERK 5通过促进胰岛素在神经元中的表达促进神经细胞存活。除此之外MAPK各分子在不同刺激和不同疾病中的作用不同。

Mitogen-activated protein kinase（ MAPK） is a group of serine / threonine protein kinases which is widely distributed within the cytoplasm. In eukaryotic cells,there are 4 parallel signal transduction pathways,namely extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 /2（ ERK1 /2） pathway,c-Jun N-terminal kinase（ JNK） and（ or） stress-activated protein kinase（ SAPK） pathway,p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase（ p38 MAPK） pathway,and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5（ ERK5） /big mitogen-activated protein kinase1（ BMKl） pathway. In recent years,many studies have found that MAPK signaling pathway has a close relationship with the occurrence and renovation of nervous system damage. ERK1 /2 and p38 phosphorylated activate rapidly in the region of nerve damage,reducing the impact on the body caused by nerve damage; phosphorylated JNK gathers at the site of nerve injury and promotes neuronal apoptosis,aggravating the process of nerve injury occurred. ERK5 is an indispensable signaling protein of cell proliferation and differentiation,embryonic development and organogenesis,and phosphorylated ERK5 promotes neuronal survival of nerve cell by stimulating the expression of insulin. In addition,in different stimulation and disease,the role of MAPK molecules is different. Literature retrieval in this article,the progress in the researches on the composition of the MAPK signal pathway,the role,the relationship between nerve damage and practical application were reviewed.