生态脆弱区露天煤矿生态修复效应研究

Ecological rehabilitation effects of open-pit coal mine in ecological fragile region

以地处黄土高原的黑岱沟露天煤矿生态修复为例,从宏观、微观两个角度对生态脆弱区露天煤矿生态修复效应进行探讨,结果表明:受露天采煤的影响,区域景观格局发生了较大变化,斑块数量增加,抗干扰能力降低,斑块间影响程度复杂;人工植被土壤质量关联度为"油松林+柳+沙棘"(三级)>果树(三级)>锦鸡儿(三级)>羊草(三级)>纯杨树(人工)(三级)>油松林(四级)>"杨+沙棘"(四级);景观格局中植被覆盖面积的增加,在一定程度上消除了区域景观格局变化对区域生态系统产生的影响;生态脆弱区生态修复经历了生态破坏阶段、生态雏形阶段,正在向生态重建阶段进行。研究结果可以为矿区土壤生境构建、植被群落构建及调控提供理论支持。

According to the example of ecological restoration area of Heidaigou open- pit coal mine in Loess Plateau,the paper discussed the ecological rehabilitation effects of open- pit mine in ecologically fragile area from macro and micro views,the results show that： Due to open- pit mining,regional landscape pattern changed greatly,number of patches increased,anti- interference ability weakened, and the inter- patch influence was complex; Artificial soil quality vegetation correlation： Pinus tabulaeformis, Salix matsudana and Hippophae rhamnoides（ three） 〉Orchard（ three） 〉Caragana intermdia（ three） 〉Chinensis（ three） 〉Pure poplar（ artificial）（ three） 〉Pine oil（ four）〉 Pure poplar and sea buckthorn（ four）; Vegetation cover in landscape pattern increases,to a certain extent,eliminated the effects of landscape structure change on regional ecosystems; Ecologically fragile areas experienced ecological damage,ecological restoration,ecological prototype stage,and was on the way to ecological reconstruction.