微小RNA在急性淋巴细胞白血病中的研究进展

Research progress of miroRNA in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

微小RNA（miRNA）为长度在20～22个核苷酸的单链非编码小分子RNA，广泛存在于真核细胞中。miRNA通过与靶基因mRNA结合，诱导其降解或阻遏翻译过程，从而调控靶基因表达。miRNA在细胞生长、发育过程中发挥重要作用，其广泛参与细胞增殖、分化、凋亡等过程。miRNA通过不同的调节途径参与肿瘤形成，其异常表达与肿瘤的发生、发展密切相关。近年来，多项研究结果均表明，miRNA不仅在调节造血干细胞（HSC）增殖、分化及凋亡过程中起着重要作用，亦参与白血病的发生、发展。急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）为常见的血液肿瘤之一，miRNA异常表达在ALL的发生、发展过程中，亦起着重要的调控作用。同时，miRNA在ALL的疾病分层诊断、疗效判断、预后判断及药物靶向设计中，同样具有潜在的应用价值。笔者拟就miRNA在ALL中的研究进展进行综述。

MicroRNA （miRNA） is a kind of single non, coding small RNA molecules with length of 20 to 22 nucleotides, which widely exists in eukaryotic cells, controlling the targeted gene expression through combining with its target gene mRNA to induce degradation or deter a translation process, miRNA is important in the process of cell growth and development, and widely involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, etc. miRNA takes roles in tumor formation through regulating different pathways. Its abnormal expression is closely related to the occurrence of human tumor development. In recent years, several studies have shown that miRNA takes significant part in the process of regulating hematopoietic stem cell （HSC） proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. It is also involved in the occurrence and development of leukemia. Acute lymphocytic leukemia （ALL） is one of the common hematological neoplasms and abnormal expression of miRNA plays an important role in the development process of ALL. At the same time, miRNA also has potential application prospect in ALL including the layered diagnosis, curative effect judgment, prognosis of judgment and the design of drugs targeted. This article reviews literatures on miRNA in ALL.