基层执法人员的信任困境及其破解之道--从“宰客”的认知说起

The Trust Dilemma of Street-Level Bureaucrat and Solving Ways Based on the “rip off” Cognition

在日常执法过程中,基层执法人员经常会遇到公众质疑其裁决公正性的情况,双方在特定的情境下难以建立信任关系,从而影响了治理效果。这一现象反映了一项重要的公共管理议题,即基层执法人员的信任困境问题。所谓基层执法的信任困境指的是由于受众缺乏判定基层执法人员不可信行为的依据,组织系统又缺乏监督基层执法人员的有效手段,共同导致了难以对基层执法人员施加不可信行为的规制机制,从而增加了公众对其建立信任的难度。解决基层执法人员的信任困境的关键在于,如何对基层执法人员的自由裁量权建立的可信的监管体系,包括让受众感知到明确的可信行为的判定标准,以及让组织有能力对其自由裁量权进行有效问责。本文以"宰客门"事件后三亚海鲜排挡市场综合治理的制度设计为例,借鉴实验主义治理的思路,对基层执法人员的信任困境的制度机理及其解决思路进行探讨。

In regular law enforcement,street-level bureaucrats often get into some trouble that citizens question the justice of verdict.Moreover it＇s difficult to build trust-relationship between street-level bureaucrat and citizen in some situations to the extent that influencing the governance effects.It is an important administrative issue called trust dilemma of street-level bureaucrat.The trust dilemma of street-level bureaucrat means that on account of citizen lacking the basis to judge the untrustworthy behavior of law enforcement officials at grass roots and the organization system lacking effective means to supervise law enforcement officials at primary level,It is a big challenge to build an effective regulation mechanism in the basic level and in consequence enhancing the difficulty of confidence building.The key point to solve the trust dilemma of street-level bureaucrat is to regulate discretionary power of enforcement law on grass root,including make citizen perceive the requirement of trustworthy behavior and improve the capability of public sector to censor street-level officials＇ discretion.Based on Sanya seafood snack stalls comprehensive regulation governance,using experimentalism governance for reference,the trust dilemma of street-level bureaucrat and its solution are explored in this paper.