反对自我归罪权的英美法溯源与法理分析——兼论我国刑事诉讼法相关规定的完善

The Legal Sources in Anglo-American Law and the Jurisprudential Analysis of Privilege against Self-incrimination: And the Improvement of the Related Regulations about Criminal Procedure Law in China

我国2012年修改后的《刑事诉讼法》首次规定"不得强迫任何人证实自己有罪",但它只是一条针对办案人员的禁止性规定,与国际上的反对自我归罪权差距很大。考察反对自我归罪权在英美的起源和发展,有助于人们从法理上明晰为何应将反对自我归罪作为权利对待,尤其是它的宪法化,会为政府追诉犯罪设定一个不可逾越的基本人权保障界限。由其引申出的沉默权,亦有助于我国刑事诉讼从"犯罪嫌疑人、被告人说话"模式转变为"证明指控"模式,确保控辩双方平等对抗、法官中立听审,更好地实现司法正义。

＂It shall be strictly prohibited to force anyone to commit self-incrimination＂ was added for the first time to Criminal Procedure Law of the PRC in 2012, but it is only a prohibitive provision for the personnel handling the case, much different from the international privilege against self-incrimina- tion. reviewing the origin and developments of the privilege in UK and US will help us to understand why China should treat against self-incrimination as a human right, especially its constitutionalization will set an insurmountable limit of basic human rights protection for the government＇ s crime prosecution. Its extended right to remain silent will also help Chinese criminal procedure to change from ＂ the accused speaks＂ mode into ＂testing the prosecution＂ mode, and to ensure the accuser and the defence can compete equally, the judge can hear neutrally, the judicial justice can be implemented better.