新疆维吾尔族聚居地区人口婚育状况分析

Analysis of Marriage and Fertility Status of Xinjiang Uygurconcentrated areas

基于2010年全国第六次人口普查数据及新疆统计年鉴数据,本文对新疆维吾尔族聚居地区(喀什、和田、阿克苏、吐鲁番地区)人口婚育现状与特征进行了描述和分析,并在此基础上,对新疆维吾尔族聚居地区人口生育水平的影响因素进行了探究。对于新疆维吾尔族聚居地区人口的婚育状况,本文的研究发现以下特点:其一,早婚现象较严重;其二,婚姻稳定性较弱,离婚比例较高;其三,早育、多育、密育的生育模式依然存在。对于影响新疆维吾尔族聚居地区人口生育水平的主要因素,本文研究指出:人口因素如较高的婴儿死亡率、早婚早育生育模式,经济社会发展因素如较低的生活水平、较低的女性教育水平以及较为固化的低层次的行业职业构成,宗教因素如伊斯兰教义中的一些观念和教规如对于堕胎或是流产行为的禁止等,以及政策因素如近些年来计划生育政策在新疆南疆等地的推行遇到了不少阻力等,都在不同程度上影响了该地区的生育水平变化。

Based on the 2010 Census and yearbook data, this article makes a descriptive analysis of marriage and fertility status of Uygur-concentrated areas （Kashgar, Hotan, Aksu, Turpan）. On this basis, the author continues to explore the influencing factors of Uygur＇s fertility. As to the marriage and birth of Uygur-concentrated areas, we find three main characteristics： firstly, early marriage is very popular; secondly, the marriage is less sta- ble and the divorce rate is high; thirdly, the certain fertility patterns including early childbearing, many births, and frequent births still persist. Additionally, regarding to the influencing factors of the Uygur＇s fertility, this study indicates that demographic factors（ such as higher infant mortality, earlier marriage and motherhood ）,social- economic factors （such as backwardness of living standards, lower levels of education and more solidified, low- level vocational and industrial structure）, religious factors （such as the teachings of Islam prohibiting the abortion behavior） and fertility policy factors（such as the resistance during the implementation of family planning policy in the south of Xinjiang） are all the influencing factors which contribute to the fertility rates of Uygur-con- centrated areas in varying degrees.