族群认同视阈下的民间信仰研究--以白马藏人祭神仪式为例

Research of Folk Belief from the Perspective of Ethnic Identification: Taking Religious Ceremonies of Three Villages of Baima Tibetan as Examples

本文以在甘肃省文县、四川省九寨沟县和平武县的白马藏区进行的田野调查为基础,对白马藏人民间山神信仰及三个村寨的傩舞祭神仪式进行了全面系统的描述。研究发现,白马藏人的民间信仰是其内部认同和外部边界的重要标志。但是这种族群边界是群体的一种主观建构,其策略是强化与其他族群的文化差异,消弭族群内部的文化差异。这种主观建构的事例说明,群体边界是变动的,族群认同是一个动态的过程。

Based on the fieldwork carried out in Baima Tibetan areas in Wen county of Gansu province, Jiuzhaigou county and Pingwu county of Sichuan province respectively, the paper elaborates on their mountain spirits belief and the religious ceremonies involving Nuo dance fully and systematically and then finds that the folk belief of Baima Tibetan serves as the symbol of its internal identification and external boundary. However, this ethnic boundary is a kind of subjective construction of the group whose strategy is to intensify the cultural differences from other ethnic groups and eliminate the cultural differentiation within the group, which indicates that the ethnic boundary is variable and the ethnic identification is a dynamic Drocess.