实验室培养条件下绒泡菌科四种黏菌个体发育比较研究

A comparative study on ontogeny of four physaraceous species in laboratory culture

本文应用悬滴培养、燕麦-琼脂培养等方法及显微成像技术对绒泡菌科Physaraceae 4种黏菌(黄头绒泡菌Physarum flavicomum、淡黄绒泡菌Physarum melleum、垂头绒泡菌Physarum album、针箍菌Physarella oblonga)的个体发育特征进行比较研究,首次实现了垂头绒泡菌在实验室条件下的完整生活循环。4种黏菌孢子萌发均为V-型开裂,但萌发时间有所不同,黄头绒泡菌萌发所需时间最短,仅需5h,而针箍菌萌发所需时间最长,需要2d;针箍菌和淡黄绒泡菌形成的黏变形体均可转变为游动胞,而相同条件下黄头绒泡菌和垂头绒泡菌并未有游动胞形成;4种黏菌原生质团的生长速率不同,在光照刺激下针箍菌、淡黄绒泡菌、黄头绒泡菌和垂头绒泡菌的原生质团分别经过2–3d、2–3d、7d和13d,发育成子实体;完成孢子到孢子的整个生活史,针箍菌和淡黄绒泡菌需要25–30d,黄头绒泡菌和垂头绒泡菌需要40–45d。

A comparative study on the developmental processes of four species in Physaraceae, Physarum flavicomum, Physarum melleum, Physarum album and Physarella oblonga, was conducted by hanging drop culture and oats-agar culture. Microstructures of the myxomycetes were observed by differential-interference microscope and scanning electron microscope. The complete life-cycle of P. album was for the first time illustrated. It was showed that the spores of these four myxomycete species unexceptionally germinated by V-shaped split, but germinating duration was slightly different in the same condition. Spores of P. flavicomum needed merely 5h for germination, however the duration of germination of P. oblonga spores took 2d. The myxamoeba of P. oblonga and P. melleum changed into a swarm cell with two flagella, whereas in the same conditions swarm cell was not found in P. flavicomum and P. album. The plasmodia of different species had different growth rate. The plasmodia of P. oblonga, P. melleum,P. flavicomum and P. album respectively needed 2–3d, 2–3d, 7d and 13 d for developing fruiting bodies. P. oblonga and P. melleum took 25–30d to complete the life cycle of spore to spore, while P. flavicomum and P. album needed 40–45d.