论地方政府重大决策法律风险评估——以法治政府建设为背景

On the legal risk assessment of local governments' important decision-making——On the background of the structure of the law-based government

法治政府建设要求地方政府在做出重大决策时应该重视法律风险的评估和防范。地方政府重大决策的法律风险指的是各级地方政府在履行法定职权,尤其是就某些重大事项进行决策时,由于未对决策所涉及的法律因素给予充分的考虑和反应,而引发各种法律上不利后果或负面评价的可能性。重大决策的法律风险主要表现为三个方面:决策活动本身的合法性、决策备选方案的形式合法性和实质合法性。我们可以借用西方规制影响分析理论来构建决策影响评估制度,用于分析评估地方政府重大决策中的法律风险,而分析评估的过程实际上也是风险防范的过程。这对于地方政府更好地实现重大决策的法治化或规范化以及良好行政有着重要意义。

As the construction of the law-based government required, the local government should pay more attention to assessment and precaution of the legal risk when making the important decisions. The legal risk of the local government＇s important decision-making means that the possibility of some legal unfavorable results or negative views caused by the local governments at all levels as a result of the failure to pay more attention to the legal factors and reaction about the decision-making when they carry out the legal authorities, especially making the decision to some important issues. Specifically in terms, the legal risks of important decision-making mainly indicate in three aspects： the legality of the decision-making itself, the formal legality and substantive legitimacy of the alternative offers of the decision-making. We can structure the decision-making impact assessment institute by borrowing the western theory of regulation impact analysis for the use of analyzing and assessing the legal risks in the important decisionmaking of local governments, and the process of analyzing and assessing is the process of risk prevention. It has important significance for the local governments to better realize the legalization or normalization of important decision-making and good administration.