山区基层卫生人员职业倦怠与社会支持相关性研究

A study on the correlation between job burnout and social support among primary health workers in mountain areas

目的研究山区基层卫生人员职业倦怠与社会支持的相关性,为增进其身心健康、提高工作绩效提供依据。方法采用社会支持评定量表和职业倦怠量表对丽水市部分县卫生院及社区卫生服务机构577名基层卫生人员进行社会支持性的客观支持、主观支持和社会支持利用度等3个维度的调查,采用职业倦怠的情感耗竭、去个性化和专业低效能感等3个维度进行分析。结果基层卫生人员职业倦怠或倦怠倾向发生率为58.45%,其中情感耗竭、情感疏远和专业低效能感的发生率分别为35.55%、20.64%和54.64%。女性的专业低效能感、支持总分和客观支持得分均高于男性（P〈0.05）;情感耗竭得分随学历增高而增高,而专业低效能感降低（P均〈0.05）;专业低效能感得分随工作年限增长而增高（P〈0.05）,情绪耗竭得分在工作年限为21~30年组最高。情绪耗竭、去个性化与客观支持、主观支持、社会支持利用度及支持总分均呈负相关;专业低效能感与主观支持及支持总分均呈负相关。结论山区基层卫生人员是职业倦怠发生率较高,且职业倦怠与社会支持相关,需建立有效的社会支持系统进行防制。

Objective To explore the correlation between job burnout and social support among the primary health workers in mountain areas, and to provide scientific evidence for improving the physical and mental health and work performance. Methods Social Support Rating Scale and MBI burnout inventory were used to evaluation the social support of the objective and subjective support and utilization of social support of 577 primary health workers from hospitals and community health service institutions in Lishui. Three dimensions of personal and professional inefficient flu occur were analyzed. Results The prevalence rate of job burnout or burnout tendency of primary health workers was 58.45% , and the prevalence rate of emotional exhaustion, emotional alienation and professional low efficiency were 54. 64%, 20. 64% and 35.55%, respectively. Professional low efficiency, total score and objective support scores of females were higher than males （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Emotional exhaustion score increased with the degree of education, while professional low efficiency reduced （P 〈0. 05）. Professional low efficiency score increased with the working years （P 〈0. 05）, and working years in the range of in 21 -30 was the highest. There were negative correlations among emotional exhaustion, personality and objective support, subjective support, support utilization. Conclusion The prevalence of job burnout among health workers from primary health care institutes was high, and effective social support system should be developed for job burnout prevention and control.