浅析日本语言政策的统一性和多样性

A Study on the Unity and Diversity of Japanese Language Policy

全球化的出现使语言呈现了统一性和多样性这两个极端,从而衍生出了各种新问题。日本曾经历过明治时期的"标准语言国语的政策"和"方言的镇压与复兴",即统一性和多样性的问题;日本社会现在同样面临着"全球通用语言英语的普及"和"多语言社会中少数族群语言的保护"两大课题。前者以世界、后者以日本为舞台,意识形态虽然不同,但其存在的问题本质上是相同的。日本的语言政策面临着垄断公民语言选择权、中央集权主义色彩严重和缺乏国民参与等问题。

The emergence of globalization makes the language present two extremes： the unity and diversity, which caused a variety of new problems. During Meiji period, Japan ever underwent the policy of National Language as Standard Language and the movement of the Repression and Revival of Dialect, namely, the problems of the unity and diversity. The Japanese society is now faced with two difficult tasks： The Popularity of English as Universal Language and The Protection of Minority Language in A Multilingual Society. The former takes the world as its stage, whereas the latter takes Japan as its stage. Their ideologies are different, but their problems are essentially the same. The Japanese language policy was confronted with problems such as monopoly on citizen language options, statism, and lack of citizen participation and so on.