中国主要河湖水生态综合评价

Integrated evaluation on aquatic ecosystems of main rivers and lakes in China

河湖水生态综合评价是水资源保护规划工作的重要内容之一。本文从水文水资源、水环境、河湖生境形态、生物及栖息地状况等方面,构建了包含生态基流满足程度、水功能区水质达标率、湖库富营养化指数、纵向连通性、重要湿地保留率及鱼类生境等6个指标构成的河湖水生态综合评价体系。在此基础上,对全国673条河流、97座水库和100个湖泊湿地共计1006个规划河段和湖库的水生态状况进行了评价和分类,分析了我国各大流域河湖面临的水生态问题。研究成果对我国主要河湖水生态保护和修复工作的实践具有重要的指导意义。

Integrated evaluation on aquatic ecosystems of rivers and lakes is one of the important contentsin water resources protection planning.From the aspects of hydrology and water resources,water environ-ment,habitats morphology of rivers and lakes,and biology and habitat status,etc.,an integrated evalua-tion system on aquatic ecosystems of rivers and lakes has been built with six indicators,including satisfac-tion level of ecological base flow,water qualification rate of water function areas,eutrophic index of riversand lakes,longitudinal connectivity,and retention rate of important wetlands and fish habitats.On this ba-sis,aquatic ecological status of 1006 planning reaches of rivers and lakes and reservoirs,including 673 riv-ers,97 reservoirs and 100 lakes and wetlands in nationwide,were evaluated and classified.Aquatic ecologi-cal problems faced by rivers and lakes in China＇s major river basins were analyzed.Research results haveimportant guiding significance for the practice of aquatic ecosystem protection and restoration of main riversand lakes in China.