美国流域水环境治理模式及对中国的启示研究

Watershed Management Pattern of America and Its Inspirations to China

从管理目标和范围、管理机构、法律支撑、运行机制、技术保障等方面介绍了美国流域一元体系下的多中心合作治理模式。以美国科罗拉多河流域污染治理实例进行具体分析,反应出科罗拉多河府际治理协调机制、联邦政府司法干预保障以及水权的配置与交易所产生的积极效果。提出对中国流域污染治理工作机制的启示,强调中央一元管制下的跨界协作;发展水权及排污权交易;面向控制单元建立总量控制体系。

From the aspects of the management goal and scope,regulatory agencies,legal support,operational mechanism and technical support,a model of polycentric cooperative governance of American Watershed under the monism system is briefly introduced in this paper. The case of Colorado River watershed pollution control is taken for specific analysis,the results reflect the positive effect because of the intergovernmental management coordination mechanism,the federal government’s judicial intervention and the water rights allocation and trading. Based on this,the enlightenments to the watershed pollution control mechanism in China are presented in this paper,these are,ensure the legal status of the watershed administrative agencies through legislation,trans- boundary cooperation under a central monism system,promote the trading of the water rights and emission rights,and establish a total amount control system which is control unit oriented.