毕节市5起甲型病毒性肝炎暴发疫情分析

Analysis on 5 times of viral hepatitis A outbreaks in Bijie city

目的分析甲型病毒性肝炎暴发疫情的流行特征和现场处置情况,为预防甲肝暴发疫情的发生和提高应急处置能力提供建议。方法根据传染病报告信息管理系统数据和流行病学调查资料,对2007-2010年毕节市5起甲肝暴发疫情进行描述流行病学分析。结果 5起甲肝暴发疫情共报告病例1 937例,占全市总报告病例的47.24%。病例主要集中在19岁以下人群,职业以学生和散居儿童为主。疫情主要发生在旱灾期间或暴雨之后,均与水源污染有关。1起疫情由乡卫生院报告后发现,另外4起疫情由市级以上疾控中心预警后发现。流行时间最短19 d、最长182 d。5起疫情均采取控制传染源、切断传播途径和保护易感人群等综合防控措施。结论疫情的发现和处置不及时是甲肝暴发疫情扩散、蔓延的主要原因,应加强疫情动态监测,及时发现和识别甲肝疫情异常情况并采取强有力的控制措施。

Objective This study aims to analyze the epidemic characteristics and site disposal situations of viral hepatitis A outbreaks in order to provide suggestions for preventing occurrence of hepatitis A outbreak and improving emergency disposal ability. Methods A descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted for 5 times of viral hepatitis A outbreaks in Bijie city occurring from 2007 to 2010 according to the data from the infectious disease report information management system and the epidemiological investigation data. Results A total of1937 cases were reported in 5 times of viral hepatitis A outbreaks,accounting for 47. 24% of total reported cases. The cases manly occurred in the population aged below 19 years, and occupations were manly of students and scattered children. Outbreaks mainly occurred during the drought or after heavy rain and all were related to water pollution. One time of outbreak was found after the Township Health Center reported,and the other 4 times of outbreaks were found after the centers of disease control and prevention（ above city- level）early warned. The shortest epidemic time was 19 days, and the longest epidemic time was 182 days. Comprehensive measure of prevention and control such as infection source control,breaking down of transmission route and protection of vulnerable population were taken for all 5 times of outbreaks. Conclusions Non- timely finding and disposal of epidemic situation is a main factor of causing spread and dissemination of hepatitis A outbreak epidemic situation,and it is necessary to strengthen dynamic monitoring of the epidemic situation to timely find and identify the abnormity of hepatitis A epidemic situation and take strong control measures.