从苏联外交部门档案看第二次世界大战中苏联对战后世界秩序的规划

Study of Soviet Union's Planning to After-war World Order in the Second World War from the Files in Diplomatic Service of Russia

苏联对战后世界秩序的规划于1941年底开始,1943年下半年成立专门负责外交政策规划的三个委员会。这三个委员会与苏联驻美国、日本大使馆一起向苏联领导人提交多份报告,详细阐述战后苏联在收复失地、严惩德日战败国、战后国际格局、国际体制、苏英美三巨头划分势力范围等问题上的规划。这些规划对苏联战后对外政策的制定起到了重要作用,在战后世界秩序和国际体制的确立中也得到了较大体现。从一战到二战、再到冷战结束,莫斯科对世界秩序的规划和应对有很多相同之处,反映出俄国对外政策在地缘追求、强权政治、势力范围上一以贯之的传统。

Soviet Union＇s planning of the after-war world order begins from the end of 1941, and in the second half of 1943, three committees especially responsible for the diplomatic policy planning are established. The three committees would submit several reports to the leaders of the Soviet Union together with the Soviet Union＇s embassies in America and Japan, expounding the detailed planning of the Soviet Union in such problems as the recovery of its lost land, the severe punishment of Germany and Japan as the vanquished countries, the after-war international pattern, international regime, and the division of spheres of influence by the Soviet Union, England and America. Such plans play an important role in the formulation of Soviet Union＇s foreign policies after war and are also greatly reflected in the establishment of after-war world order and international system. From the First World War to the Second World War, and then to the end of the Cold War, Moscow also has many same points in the planning and response of the world order, which just re flects the consistent tradition of Russia＇s foreign policies in geographical pursuit, power politics and sphere of influence.