摘要
【目的】探索玉米秸秆炭对东北黑土土壤肥力特性和氮素农学效应的影响,可为东北玉米集约化生产区秸秆资源利用和培肥土壤提供理论和实际应用基础。【方法】本研究以东北典型黑土区春玉米种植体系为研究对象,通过连续两年的田间原位试验,研究了添加500℃厌氧条件热解的玉米秸秆炭对土壤养分含量、微生物和酶活性的影响及玉米秸秆炭对作物产量和氮素农学效应的影响。试验设三个处理:1)PK+4 t/hm2秸秆还田(CK);2)NPK+4 t/hm2秸秆还田;3)NPK+4 t/hm2秸秆还田+2 t/hm2秸秆生产秸秆碳,在玉米成熟期取0—20 cm土壤样品和植株样品,采用常规方法进行相关项目的测定。【结果】1)土壤养分分析结果。与秸秆还田相比,秸秆炭处理在2013和2014年土壤碱解氮含量(AN)分别提高了10.1%和9.7%,均达到显著水平(P<0.05);土壤速效磷含量(AP)分别提高了13.7%和27.3%,在2014年达到显著水平(P<0.05);土壤微生物量碳含量(SMBC)分别提高了13.5%和26.9%,土壤脲酶活性(URE)分别提高了22.3%和31.8%,2014年SMBC和URE升高均达显著(P<0.05)。秸秆炭对土壤有机质(OM)、全氮(TN)、速效钾(AK)、土壤微生物量氮(SMBN)和蔗糖酶活性(SUC)的提升效果在两年试验中均没有达到显著水平,2)氮素农学效应影响结果。与处理2相比,处理3肥料氮偏因子生产力(PFPN)分别提高了3.3%和9.6%,肥料氮经济效益(EBN)分别提高了12.9%和27.5%,均在2014年表现出显著提高(P<0.05);而两年间处理3的玉米产量分别提高3.3%和9.5%、肥料氮利用率(UEN)分别提高了3.9%和14.0%、肥料氮农学效率(AEN)分别提高了11.6%和23.9%,但均未达显著水平。【结论】2年试验初步表明施用玉米秸秆炭可以提高土壤微生物活性和土壤酶活性,调节土壤与作物之间的养分供需,改善土壤养分状况,对提升氮素农学效应有作用。因此,玉米秸秆炭可作为秸秆资源高效利用的有效形式,其长期效果还需进一步试验。
【Objectives】To explore the effect of biochar made of maize straw on the soil fertility and nitrogen agronomic responses will provide theoretical and practical support for the straw resources utilization and soil fertilityimprovement in the maize belt in the Northeast China.【Methods】Field experiment was conducted with maize straw and maize straw derived biochar( fast pyrolysis at 500℃ under low oxygen) in the black soil region in Northeast China. Three treatments were designed: 1) PK + maize straw; 2) NPK + 4 t / hm2 maize straw; 3) NPK + 2 t / hm2 maize straw + biochar from 2 t / hm2 maize straw. The plant and soil samples( 0-20 cm) were collected at harvest,the relative items were analyzed with regular methods.【Results】1) Compared with treatment 2 in 2013 and 2014,the soil available N in treatment 3 was significantly increased by 10. 1% and 9. 7%( P〈0. 05),the soil available P by 13. 7% and 27. 3% with a significant improvement at 2014( P〈0. 05),the soil microbial biomass carbon( SMBC) by 13. 5% and 26. 9%,the soil urease activity by 22. 3% and 31. 8% respectively. The SMBC and the soil urease activity significantly improved in 2014( P〈0. 05). The soil organic matter,soil total N,available K,SMBN and soil sucrase activity were not improved significantly. 2) Analysis of nitrogen agronomic responses showed that the N partial factor productivity in treatment 3 was enhanced by 3. 3% in 2013 and significantly by9. 6% in 2014( P〈0. 05); the benefit of economy of applied N( EBN) was increased by 12. 9% in 2013 and significantly by 27. 5% in 2014( P〈0. 05); while the yield,the N fertilizer use efficiency( UEN) and the agronomic efficiency didn't show significant increase. 【Conclusions】Biochar are more effective to improve the activities of soil microbe and the soil enzymes,and so to enhance the soil nutrient supply for maize. The nitrogen agronomy effect will be improved as a result. The application of maize straw as biochar is an effective way for straw efficient utilization in Northeast China.
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第1期67-75,共9页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划"973"课题(2013CB127406)
中央级公益性科研院所专项资金资助项目(IARRP-2015-21)
国家国际科技合作专项(2015DFA20790)
农业部行业专项(201103007)
科技部科研院所技术开发研究专项资金(2012EG134235)
关键词
玉米秸秆炭
土壤肥力
微生物量碳、氮
土壤酶活性
氮素农学效应
maize straw-derived biochar
soil fertility
soil microbial biomass C and N
soil enzyme activities
nitrogen agronomy effect