关于军事法院体制改革问题的思考

Reflections on Institutional Reforms of the Military Court in China

长期以来,我国军事法院的体制改革问题鲜有人问津,是军内外法学界和司法界公认的一个敏感话题。我国应该严格按照党的十八届三中和四中全会两个《决定》的要求,结合我国军事审判实际情况,遵循"四个原则"改革军事法院体制机制,即坚持党对军事法院体制改革工作的领导;坚持以宪法和法律规定为依据;坚持与中国国情、军情相符合;坚持军事审判资源优化配置。具体改革措施有五个方面:一是提高对于军事法院在国家审判体制中的重要地位和作用的认识;二是将军事法院从军队政治机关中剥离;三是军事法院应当选择国家司法编制序列和中央军委建制两种思路;四是积极运用立法推动和巩固军事法院体制机制改革成果;五是增强军事法院体制改革的透明度。

During the last several decades,the reform of military court system,which is deemed to be a hot potato by the legal scholars,has been a highly controversial issue. According to the instruction from the third and fourth plenary session of the 18 th CPC Central Committee,the military judicial system reform should follow four principles,i. e. the Party should impose leadership over this reform; this reform should proceed without prejudice to the constitutional law; this reform should be conducted according to the current circumstance; the resources of military adjudication should be re- allocated and upgraded. Accordingly,the following approaches can be specifically taken. Firstly, the function and role of the military court should be recognizedand clarified; secondly,the military court system should be separatedfrom the military political authorities; thirdly,the military court should be under two systems,i. e. the national judicial system and Central Military Commission system; fourthly,positive legislative methods should be taken to make this reform legally binding; finally,the transparency requirement should be obeyed while conducting this reform.