凉山州少数民族与汉族初中生重点传染病知识、行为及干预需求对比

Contrastive analysis on knowledge, behavior and intervention need about key infectious disease between minority nationality and Han nationality junior middle school students in Liangshan Prefecture

目的了解凉山州少数民族与汉族初中生重点传染病知识、行为及健康教育干预需求方面的差异。方法采用分层整群抽样法,对凉山州越西县3所初中学校初一至初三学生进行抽样调查。结果共发放863份问卷,收回有效问卷794份,其中少数民族初中生531名（66.9%）,汉族初中生263名（33.1%）。凉山州初中生对重点传染病知识的知晓率在11.6%-71.3%之间;健康行为形成率在61.5%-89.9%之间;认为有效的传染病知识获取途径居前3位的是＂看病时听医生讲＂＂传染病防治讲座＂和＂现场咨询活动＂,均为人际传播方式。汉族初中生对＂哪些是传染病＂＂重点传染病传播途径＂＂结核病的临床症状＂和＂乙型炎肝最有效的预防措施＂方面知晓率高于少数民族初中生（P〈0.05）;在除＂痰处理方式＂外的其他健康行为形成率亦高于少数民族初中生（P〈0.05）。结论凉山州初中生对重点传染病相关知识的知晓率普遍不高。与汉族初中生相比,少数民族初中生对重点传染病知识的认知和健康行为形成差。

[Objective]To learn the differences in knowledge, behavior and intervention need about key infectious disease between minority nationality and Han nationality junior middle school students in Liangshan Prefecture. [Methods]Questionnaire investigation was performed among students who were collected from 3 junior middle schools（ grade 1 to grade 3） in Yuexi Cunty of Liangshan Prefecture by the stratified cluster sampling method. [Results]794 were valid questionnaires among 863 questionnaires, including 531（ 66.9%） minority nationality junior middle school students and 263（ 33.1%） Han nationality junior middle school students. Their awareness rates of knowledge about key infectious diseases were between 11.6% and 71.3%, and the health behavior formation rates were between 61.5% and 89.9%. The students considered that the first three effective ways to acquire infectious disease information were doctor＇s advice, lecture about infectious disease prevention and on-site consultation,which all were the interpersonal communication mode. The awareness rates of the types of infectious diseases, transmission routes of key infectious diseases, clinical symptoms of tuberculosis and effective prevention measures of hepatitis among Han nationality junior middle school students were higher than those among minority nationality students（ P〈0.05）. Except the phlegm treatment method, the formation rates of other health behaviors among Han nationality junior middle school students were higher than those among minority nationality students（ P〈0.05）.[Conclusion]The awareness rates of knowledge about key infectious diseases are not satisfactory among junior middle school students in Liangshan Prefecture. The awareness rates of knowledge about key infectious diseases and health behavior formation rates among minority nationality junior middle school students are lower than those among Han nationality students.