电力市场交易模式:理论分析与中国的选择

Electricity Wholesale Market Trading Mechanism:Economic Principles and the Choice of China

本文首先基于经济学原理,对 DA 和 RT 市场的三种交易模式和两部制电价进行了理论分析。在考虑电力行业独特技术经济特征的基础上,为了保证短期调度的经济效率性,并为长期发电、输电投资提供正确的经济激励。我们认为中国应该考虑放弃发展两部制电价机制,转向发展单一市场出清价格式的完全成本库 DA 和 RT 市场交易模式。同时,考虑到中国电力改革正处于转型期,我们认为,在双边契约,电力交易所和电力库三种完全成本库交易模式中,短期内的最优选择是强制性电力交易所,而在长期内,我国应该大力促进双边交易的发展。

In this paper,we first give the eeonomie principles embedded in the three trad- ing mechanisms and the two - part pricing method in electricity DA&RT wholesale market. We argue that,based on the unique technical economic characters of the electricity industry,in order to assure short-run dispatch efficiency and give correct incentives for generation and transmission investments,the best choice of China is giving up the two-part pricing system and developing the full-cost DA&RT trading mechanisms using single market-clearing price. At the Same time,We also argue that,considering the transiting state of electricity industry reform in China,in the three DA&RT market trading mechanisms:Bilateral Contraet;Pow- er Exchange and Pool,the best choice of China,in the short run,is the compelling Power Exchange;and,in the long run,should be the one that based mostly on Bilateral Contract.