完善先进制造业重点领域人才培养体系研究

On Advancing the System of Talent Cultivation in Priority Areas of Manufacturing in China

我国现已形成相对完整的人才培养体系,培养规模居世界首位,人力资本积累雄厚,支撑制造业世界第一大国地位,但高技能人才总量不足,结构问题突出,人才断档现象严重,培养质量与效益不高,与我国经济社会发展需要还不适应。对比《中国制造2025》的新要求,需要加快改革人才培养模式,走人才引领发展道路,推动制造业智能转型,提高核心竞争力。为此,建议调整学科专业结构,建立多层次多结构人才培养体系;推出一流制造业院校"3M10"计划,多途径厚植工科人才培养优势;创设高水平人才交叉培养平台,多主体协同推动特色办学;加强制造业十大领域学科群建设,多方向与产业对接更新教育内容;扩充先进制造业卓越工程师计划,多学科跨领域培养复合型人才;扩充现代学徒制计划,多举措推进培养体系改革;设立制造业人才海外引进计划,新机制扩充双师型教师;建设智能制造人才培养基地,政产学研用结合协同育人;新设"鲁班学院"与"大国工匠"STEAM基地,校企合作创新实践教学方式;打造先进制造业人才供需平台,贴近国际标准提高人才培养质量。

At present,China has formed the relative complete system of talent cultivation,with the top of the list ofscale,the tremendous amount of human capital accumulation,so as to support the great power status of internationalmanufacture. However,there are still some problems such as the insufficiency of the amounts of high-skilled talents,theprominence of structure problem,the seriousness of talents suspended,the low level of cultivation quality and efficiency,which have caused the inadaptation between the talent cultivation and the economy-society development. In order to fulfillthe strategic objectives of manufacturing set by ＂Made in China 2025＂,China should speed up the reform of talentcultivation mode,apply the development route of talent guidance,promote the intelligent transform of manufacture,andimprove core competitiveness. Based on the analyses and investigations,ten countermeasures on policy suggestions aregiven as the follows：adjusting disciplinary structure,and establishing multilevel talents cultivation system;bringing outthe ＂3M10＂ plan in the first-rate manufacture institutions,and giving full play to the advantages of engineering talentscultivation;constructing the crossover cultivation platform for high-level talents,and promoting multi-agent collaborativeschool running with characteristics;reinforcing the construction of discipline group program of the ten branches ofmanufacture,and updating the contents of education with multi-direction industrial connection;strengthening theexcellent engineer plan of advanced manufacturing industry,and cultivating interdisciplinary talents with multi and interdisciplines; expanding modern apprenticeship plan, and promoting the reform of cultivation system withmulti-countermeasures; establishing oversea introducing plan for manufacture talents, and expandingdouble-professionally-titled teachers with new mechanism;establishing cultivation basis for intelligence manufacturetalents,and promoting the collaborative education combining politics,industry,research and application;creatingSTEAM basis of ＂Luban Institute＂ and ＂ Craftsman of Great Power＂,and innovating practical teaching methods with thecooperation between school and enterprise;building the supply and demand platform for advanced manufacturing industrytalents,and improving the quality of talent cultivation in accordance with international standards.