自信·自省·自觉——PISA2012数学测试与上海数学教育特点

Self-confidence·Self-reflection·Self-conciousness——PISA 2012 Maths Test and Characters of Shanghai Maths Education

PISA是经合组织开发实施的一项大型教育国际测试比较研究。PISA构建了独特的包涵内容、过程和情境三大维度的测试框架。在2009年和2012年的两届测试中,上海学生都取得了阅读、数学、科学三大领域的第一。优异成绩背后值得探究的原因有很多,既涉及优秀的中国教育传统和数学教育方法,又与上海三十多年教育改革发展以及数学课程教学改革密不可分,如坚持改革开放,推进数学课程改革;坚持信任学生、促进每一个学生的发展;小步前进教学、变式丰富练习;强调在职培训,注重教师专业发展。在测试和问卷调查中我们也发现了数学教育中需要改进的弱点与问题。

Program for International Student Assessment（PISA）is a large-scale cross-national test survey developedby OECD. PISA has constituted special test frame,which consists of content,process and situation. In both PISA 2009 and 2012 tests,Shanghai students obtained the top first achievements in all the three main subjects of Reading,Mathsand Science. There are many reasons for Shanghai students＇ excellent performance,which is not only related to Chineseeducation tradition and Maths education methodology,but also closely related to the educational reform and mathematicscurriculum reform in Shanghai,such as adhering to reform and opening up and promoting mathematics curriculum reform,believing in students and accelerating the development of each student,teaching Maths with small steps and makingstudents do exercises with various forms,and emphasizing on-the-job training of teachers to enhance their professionaldevelopment. At the same time,there are the disadvantages and problems in Shanghai Maths education in the investigation.