重庆江北机场鸟击特点分析及防范建议

Characteristics of Bird Strike and Prevention Measures at Jiangbei Airport,Chongqing

为了解鸟击规律,作者收集了重庆江北机场2009—2013年的鸟击事件信息并对鸟击残骸进行送检,共收集鸟击事件信息189起,其中白天77起,占40.74%,夜间112起,占59.26%。鸟击数据显示:春、夏、秋季是鸟击高发季节;8月和11月为白天鸟击高发月份;夜间鸟击高发在春季(4、5月)和秋季(8、9、10月);鸟击多发种类有小云雀、家鸽、家燕、金腰燕、白鹡鸰、池鹭、大杜鹃及蝙蝠等。结合江北机场鸟类群落调查数据分析发现:在飞行区集群活动的鸟种容易成为鸟击的高危物种,鸟击发生频率与鸟类生活习性关系密切;迁徙鸟类是江北机场鸟击的最大威胁。本文根据分析结果提出了一些相应的预防措施。

In order to investigate the characteristics of bird strikes at Jiangbei Airport,bird strike data were collected and the remains of bird were identified at Jiangbei Airport from 2009 to 2013. A total of 189 bird strike accidents were recorded.Among of which,77 bird strike accidents（ 40. 74%） happened in the daytime,and 112（ 59. 26%） happened in the nighttime. The bird strike records showed that bird strikes commonly happened in spring,summer and autumn. Most of the daytime bird strikes happened in August and November. Most of nighttime bird strikes happened in spring（ April and May） and autumn（ August,September and October）. Bird species mostly involved in bird strikes were Alauda gulgula,Columba domestica,Hirundo rustica,H. daurica,Motacilla alba,Ardeola bacchus,Cuculus canorus and bats etc. Combined with the characteristics of bird community of Jiangbei Airport,it was found that birds with flocking habit were commonly involved in bird strikes and ranked high bird strike risk species. The birds involved in bird strike were closely related to the activities of birds in the airfield. Migrants ranked among the most hazardous birds at Jiangbei Airport. Based on these results,some mitigation measures which may help to reduce bird strike at Jiangbei Airport were proposed.