禽类外环境H7N9禽流感病毒检出率及其影响因素

Positive rate and its influence factors of avian influenza A(H7N9) in poultry environment

目的探索禽类外环境标本H7N9禽流感病毒阳性检出率的影响因素。方法 2014年1月—2015年4月间,通过监测网络收集厦门市禽类外环境标本886份,填写标本相关信息,采用荧光定量RT-PCR方法对标本进行核酸检测,分析H7N9禽流感病毒阳性检出率的相关因素。结果 886份标本来源于69个监测点,检出H7N9阳性标本113份,阳性率为12.8%,39个监测点有H7N9阳性标本检出,阳性率为56.52%;来源于活禽市场的标本高于家禽规模养殖场和家禽散养户的标本,禽类饮水和清洗禽类污水检出率最高;标本送检越及时,阳性率越高;活禽市场采取休市后,若清洗和消毒不到位,短期内外环境仍有H7N9禽流感病毒检出,但人群发病数仍可迅速减少。结论人感染H7N9疫情流行前期,各地应通过合理布点提早开展禽类外环境监测,根据监测结果尽早采取各项干预措施;疫情流行期间,重点关注活禽市场,外环境中一旦检出H7N9禽流感病毒,要及时采取休市或关闭活禽市场等措施。

Objective To explore positive rate and its influence factors of avian influenza A（H7N9） in poultry environment . Methods During January 2014 to April 2015, 886 samples were collected from avian influenza surveillance network in Xiamen, and related information was recorded. Real time RT-PCR was applied to detect the nucleic acid of avian influenza virus and related factors of positive rate of avian influenza virus were analyzed. Results A total of 886 samples were from 69 monitoring locations, 113 samples and 39 monitoring locations were found to have H7N9 virus, the positive rate was 12.8% and 56.52%,respectively, of which samples from live poultry markets were higher than those from farms and scatter- feed household, poultry drinking water and poultry waste water were higher than other samples.The positive rate was increased with the timeliness between sampling and submission. If the cleaning and disinfection were not complete, H7N9 virus could still be checked out in a short period of time after the closure of live poultry markets, but the incidence could be rapidly reduced. Conclusion Before the outbreak of avian influenza A（H7N9）, the monitoring of H7N9 virus in poultry environment should be carried out and the interventions should also be applied as soon as possible according to the monitoring results. During the outbreak of avian influenza A（H7N9）, it is important to pay attention to the live poultry markets and some measures such as stopping or closing the live poultry markets could be adopted timely ,if the H7N9 virus has been detected in external environment.