关于先秦的“一车驾三马”之制

On the "Three-horse-drawn Chariot" System in the Pre-Qin Period

《考古》2014年第5期所载杨琳先生《论先秦一车驾三马之制》一文（以下简称“杨文”），结合典籍、出土文献和考古发掘的车马实物、图像，论证先秦时期存在驾三之制，拜读之后获益甚多。不过，杨文对部分史料的择取和分析似有商榷余地。由于这关系到如何认识先秦时期车马配驾制度的演变，笔者不揣鄙陋，兹将浅见草就成文，以求正于杨先生及方家。

The character ＂ ＂ in the bronze inscriptions is the ligature of ＂si pi （four horses）＂ composed by sharing a same stroke. In the available bronze inscriptions, the numbers of horses drawing a chariot were mostly two or four, and the contents related to the so-called ＂three-horse-drawn chariots＂ are still absent. To date, all of the archaeological materials reflecting the existence of ＂three-horse-drawn chariots＂ are that of the Warring-States Period but that of the Spring-and-Autumn Period or earlier have not been seen. The term ＂can＂ originally referred to the horses on the outsides of the pole horses of the ＂four-horse-drawn chariots＂ rather than the third horse of the ＂three-horse-drawn chariots＂ . The conclusion is that the ＂three-horse-drawn chariots＂ appeared as late as in the Warring-States Period.