语法范畴的动态整合及其对语言系统的影响

Dynamic Integration of Grammatical Categories and its Impact upon Linguistic System

基于概念整合的语法范畴(如名词和动词)若独处时个性十足,然而它们在小句和语篇中则充分展示和体现其动态整合性。这种整合一般多为异类范畴相吸、同类范畴相斥。同时,并非所有异类范畴可随意整合,必须符合人类认知和特定文本以及语境规约。这种整合既有主体认知的参与,也有文本系统自身表征的需求。具体运作时涉及优选、识解、互补和功显处理,这样可以避免某类语法范畴的过多或重复,否则会导致整个文本结构、语义、语用或文体的变异。由此可见,语言系统中的语法范畴就像一个有机整体,每个部分的细微变化或变异都会在一定程度上影响到全局,牵一发而动全身。

If isolated,conceptual integration-oriented grammatical categories( like nouns and verbs) fully display their ow n specialties. However,they show dynamic integration all around in clauses and texts. Such kind of integration is usually embodied as heterogeneous-category attraction and congeneric-category repellence. Meanw hile not all heterogeneous categories can be integrated at will,they must follow the conventions of human cognition,special texts and contexts,i. e. such integration reflects not only subjective cognition involvement,but also representation requirements of the linguistic text itself. In concrete situations,optimal choice,construal,mutual complementation and functional transparency are all involved in dynamic integration,to the result that overuse or repetition of some grammatical category can be avoided. Otherw ise,the structural,semantic,pragmatic or stylistic aspects will have to experience some changes. Thus,grammatical categories in linguistic system is like an organic integrity,in which some subtle changes or variation of its components will somehow impact the whole system,namely a slight move in one part may affect the whole situation.