宁夏同心县回族癫痫流行病学调查

Epidemiological survey of epilepsy in Tongxin Hui of Ningxia Province

目的调查宁夏回族人群癫痫患病率、发病率及治疗缺口,为回族人群癫痫的防治提供依据。方法通过随机、整群抽样,选取宁夏同心县豫海镇和石狮镇,分别作为城镇及农村代表地区进行调查;采用统一的癫痫流行病学调查表进行入户调查,对初步筛查的癫痫患者经由神经科医师再次确诊。结果实际调查11917例,确诊癫痫患者60例,癫痫患病率为5.03‰。其中城镇患病率为6.61‰,农村为3.37‰,城市和农村地区癫痫患病率存在显著性差异;回族男性与女性癫痫患病率无显著差异;回族儿童（≤14岁）癫痫患病率为8.43‰,高于其他年龄组;70%的患者癫痫的首次发作在儿童时期;癫痫患者的年龄在3月~51岁之间,其中儿童占40%（24/60）,城镇癫痫患者的平均年龄为16.38±11.78岁,农村癫痫患者的平均年龄为30.05±14.63岁;在活动性癫痫患者中,正规接受抗癫痫治疗的患者为25.9%（15/58）,治疗缺口为74.1%;在所有发作类型中,全面强直阵挛发作者46例,占75.0%;回族癫痫发病率为75.5/100000例。结论宁夏回族人群癫痫患病率城镇高于农村,儿童高于其他年龄组;回族癫痫发病率高于全国平均水平;回族癫痫患者治疗缺口大,需要对该地区进行政策支持并加强宣传,提高患者的就诊率,控制癫痫发作。

Objective To understand the prevalence rate,incidence and treatment gap of epilepsy patients in Tongxin Hui of Ningxia Autonomouse Region. Methods A door-to-door epidemiological survey on epilepsy was conducted by random cluster sampling among the urban and rural populations of Tongxin,Ningxia Province,China. The screening questionnaire for epilepsy used in this study was adapted from the international standard screening questionnaire. The persons diagnosed or suspected as epilepsy during screening were followed up by neurologists. Results A total of 11917 Hui persons were investigated. Sixty persons were diagnosed with epilepsy,with a prevalence rate of 5. 03‰. Prevalence rate of epilepsy was higher in urban areas（ 6. 61‰） than in rural areas（ 3. 37‰） and it was higher（ 8. 43‰） in children（ ≤14 years old）than other ages group. The age range of patient was 3month ~ 51 years. The average age of the epilepsy cases in urban was（ 16. 38 ± 11. 78） years old and（ 30. 05 ± 14. 63） years old in rural. The first seizure occurrence of 70% patients was in period of children. The generalized tonic-clonic seizure was the common epilepsy type that was found within 75. 0% epilepsy cases. 74. 1% of the patients with active epilepsy did not receive standard and regular antiepileptic treatments. The incidence of epilepsy was 75. 5 /100000. Conclusion The prevalence rate of epilepsy in urban areas is higher than in rural in Tongxin Hui of Ningxia Province. The large amount of patients with treatment gaps indicates an urgent need for a rational intervention strategy.