不同基因型玉米氮素吸收利用效率研究进展

Research Progress of Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization Efficiency of Different Maize Genotypes

玉米氮效率的评价方法与指标不尽一致,导致对玉米基因型不同的分类结果。玉米氮效率研究主要集中于根系对氮素的吸收、叶片对氮素的还原同化、氮素在植株体内的积累和分配以及地上部生长势与氮效率的关系方面。以子粒为主要收获对象的玉米,穗、子粒发育状况对玉米产量起着关键作用,有关穗、子粒发育对玉米氮效率贡献率的大小、不同氮效率基因型玉米穗、子粒发育的差异以及内在生理生化机制研究较少。对不同氮效率基因型玉米子粒发育与氮效率之间关系、子粒发育尤其是顶部子粒的早期发育(决定穗粒数的形成)对氮素的反应、氮高效品种顶部子粒的早期发育是否优于氮低效型、氮素对不同氮效率基因型玉米子粒发育的影响机制等问题有待进一步研究。

The evaluation method and index of NUE in maize were different, which resulted in different classifi- cation of maize genotypes. Current research mainly concentrated in roots of N absorption, leaves of N reduction and assimilation, plants of N accumulation and distribution, and the relationship between the growth potential in aboveg- round parts and nitrogen use efficiency（NUE）. However, the ear and kernel development played a key role in maize yield with grains as main harvest object. But at present, the contribution rate of ear and kernel development to maize NUE, the differences of ear and kernel development between different genotypes and its physiological and biochemi- cal mechanism were studied less. There were some questions need to be further studied. Such as the relationship be- tween kernel development and NUE in different maize genotypes, kernel development, especially the early develop- ment of apical kernel（determine kernel number） reacted to N differently, the early development of apical kernel in high N efficient varieties was better than that in N inefficient types, and the influence of different NUE on kernel de- velopment in maize genotypes, etc.