木瓜蛋白酶用于鲜茧缫丝脱胶的工艺试验

Process Technology for Using Papain Protease in Fresh Cocoon Degumming and Reeling

为了实施绿色环保的鲜茧缫丝工艺,在鲜茧缫丝中采用木瓜蛋白酶进行脱胶处理,并建立基本的脱胶工艺技术,以脱胶率、解舒率和茧丝单纤维断裂强力作为考核指标,通过单因素试验研究脱胶工艺中木瓜蛋白酶用量、脱胶时间、脱胶温度、脱胶液p H值对鲜茧脱胶效果、缫丝性能和茧丝强力的影响。结果表明,上述工艺因素对鲜茧脱胶效果均有明显影响,确定用木瓜蛋白酶对鲜茧脱胶的工艺条件为:脱胶温度35℃,脱胶时间2 h,酶液质量浓度4 g/L,脱胶液p H值7.0。鲜茧在此工艺条件下的平均脱胶率为23.42%,平均解舒率达到82.4%,单根生丝纤维平均断裂强力达到12.52 c N。红外光谱表征鲜茧用木瓜蛋白酶脱胶后缫制的生丝与干茧用传统缫丝方法缫制的生丝在结构上没有明显的差异,热重分析2种茧丝样品的热稳定性也没有明显差异,但扫描电子显微镜下观察鲜茧缫制生丝的表面较光滑。建立的木瓜蛋白酶脱胶工艺技术可以用于鲜茧缫丝。

To establish green and environment-friendly process technology for fresh cocoon reeling,we used papain protease to degum fresh silkworm cocoons and establish basic degumming technology. Taking degumming rate,reelability,and breaking strength of single silk fiber as the evaluation indexes,the influences of dosage of papain protease,degumming time,degumming temperature,and p H value of degumming solution on degumming of fresh cocoons,silk reeling performance and strength were investigated through single factor experiment. The results showed that these above factors had obvious impact on degumming of fresh cocoons. The optimal degumming process condition was as follows： degumming temperature 35 ℃,degumming time 2 h,mass concentration of papain protease 4 g / L,and p H value of degumming solution 7. 0. Under this condition,the average content of sericin was 23. 42%,the reelability was 82. 4%,and the average breaking strength of single silk fiber was 12. 52 c N. Infrared spectra showed that there was no obvious difference in structure between rawsilk reeled from fresh cocoons degummed with papain protease and rawsilk reeled from dry cocoons degummed by traditional reeling method. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the thermal stability of two silk samples had no obvious difference,while the surface of rawsilk reeled from fresh cocoons was much smoother under scanning electron microscope. The established process technology for degumming with papain protease can be used for fresh cocoon reeling.