局部均衡条件下我国外包企业技术优势及溢出效应研究——基于技术复杂度视角

Technological Advantage and Spillovers of Outsourcing under Partial Equilibrium: from the View of Technology Complexity

文章构建了局部均衡条件下发展中国家外包企业生产率效应的理论框架,并根据技术复杂度指数对我国制造行业进行划分。在此基础上,采用1993~2011年行业面板数据,对不同技术复杂度行业的外包企业技术优势及溢出效应进行检验,重点考察美国和日本两国外包企业生产率效应的差异。研究结果显示：（1）外包企业拥有技术优势,美国及日本外包企业的优势大于平均水平,其中美国外包企业的技术优势最为明显。此外,美、日外包企业低技术复杂度行业的技术优势大于高技术复杂度行业。（2）外包企业对非外包企业存在显著的溢出效应,日本外包企业的技术溢出效应大于美国外包企业。在高技术复杂度行业,外包企业溢出效应为正,促进了非外包企业产出增长。在低技术复杂度行业,日本外包企业呈现出正效应;美国外包企业溢出效应则为负,对非外包企业的生产起到挤出作用。（3）外包企业的技术优势与其溢出效应显示出一定程度的负相关,并且在高技术复杂度行业表现得尤为明显。

The paper constructs a theoretical framework of productivity effect of outsourcees in a developing economy under partial equilibrium. With sectors divided according to technological complexity,technological advantage and spillovers on non-outsourcees are tested using panel-data of 1993 ~ 2011,with specific origins from the US and Japan. Estimate results show that( 1) Outsourcees possess technological advantage,and outsourcing activities from the US and Japan own greater technological advantage than average level,with those of US outsourcing most remarkable. Moreover,the US and Japanese outsourcee manufacturers have greater technological advantage in the low technology-complexity sectors than those in the high ones.( 2) Outsourcees have significant spillover effects on non-outsourcees and Japanese outsourcees possess greater spillovers than US ones. In the high technology-complexity sectors,there are positive spillovers. However,in the low technology-complexity sectors,Japanese outsourcees have positive spillovers while US ones exert negative spillovers,crowding out the output of non-outsourcees.( 3) There is negative correlation between technological advantage and spillovers,particularly evident in the high technology-complexity sectors.