关于我国草原类国家公园建设的思考

Perspectives on establishment of grassland national parks in China

草原类国家公园是指由国家最高行政机关划定和管理的草原保护地,维持一个或多个典型草原生态系统的原始自然状态,作为当代及未来进行草原科学研究、生态旅游、环境教育和启智的场所。建立草原类国家公园,要做好顶层设计,既要符合中国国情又要和国际接轨。中国草原类国家公园建设应该定位于保护、科研、教育、旅游和区域发展五大功能。根据不同的环境承载力、游客进入强度、基础设施供给状态等,将公园划分为严格保护区、环境保育区、旅游展示区和社会参与区四个区域,进行分区管理。与此同时,加快建立健全法律法规、管理体系、准入制度、投入机制和生态补偿机制,为草原类国家公园的健康运行提供长效的机制保障。

Grassland national parks established by the Chinese central government refers to the special protec- tion, management and utilization grassland regions, which focus on conservation on integrity of one or a plural- ity of typical grassland ecosystem and providing the places for grassland eco-tourism, grassland science research and grassland environmental education. The better top-layer design was necessary to gear international stand- ards and Chinese national condition for establishment of grassland national park. The establishment of grass- land national park in China should consider five functions, which were protection, scientific research, educa- tion, tourism and regional development. According to environmentally carrying capacity, tourist numbers and construction of infrastructure facilities, grassland national park would be divided into strict protected area, en- vironmental conservation area, tourist area and community participation area, and then it need to manage each division with different policies. At the same time, perfect legislation, management system, entering system, diversified investment mechanism and ecological compensation mechanism should be established as soon as pos- sible to ensure the healthy operation of the grassland national park.