施肥对民乐低产田苜蓿产量、品质及经济效益的影响

Effects of fertilization on yield,quality and economic efficiency of alfalfa in low-yield field in Mingle

采用田间试验法,研究不同有机肥水平及配施化肥对低产田苜蓿的干草产量、营养品质和经济效益的影响,并且通过正交试验设计法研究恢复苜蓿(Medicago sative)低产田生产力的最优施肥组合。结果表明,有机肥与定量化肥配施对低产田苜蓿干草产量、营养品质和经济效益显著优于单施有机肥的(P<0.05)。其中各施肥处理较对照(不施肥)均显著提高了低产田苜蓿的干草产量,增幅在9%~325%;各施肥处理的粗蛋白含量均显著高于对照处理,处理M3PK(有机肥30 000 kg·hm^(-2)、磷肥400 kg·hm^(-2)、钾肥100 kg·hm^(-2))粗蛋白含量最高,达23.04%,所有施肥处理均显著降低了低产田苜蓿的中性洗涤纤维含量和酸性洗涤纤维含量,处理M3PK中性洗涤纤维含量和酸性洗涤纤维含量为最低,分别为29.04%和22.40%。最低有机肥配施化肥的正交试验中,对于提高低产田苜蓿干草产量,最优施肥组合的条件为有机肥30 000 kg·hm^(-2)、磷肥200 kg·hm^(-2)、钾肥100 kg·hm^(-2)。对于增加低产田苜蓿粗蛋白含量的最优施肥配比为:有机肥30 000 kg·hm^(-2)、磷肥600 kg·hm^(-2)、钾肥100 kg·hm^(-2),降低低产田苜蓿中洗纤维和酸洗纤维含量的最优施肥组合为有机肥30 000 kg·hm^(-2)、磷肥600 kg·hm^(-2)、钾肥50 kg·hm^(-2)。各处理经济效益的比较中,处理M3P3K2(有机肥30 000 kg·hm^(-2)、磷肥600 kg·hm^(-2)、钾肥100 kg·hm^(-2))产值、产量、纯收入等综合评比均名列前茅,具有较好的经济效益。综合分析得出,处理M3P3K2更适宜在同类型苜蓿低产田的生产实际中进行推广。

An experiment was carried out to study the effects of organic fertilizer with different levels and pot- ash and phosphate fertilizer applications on the yield, nutrient quality and economic efficiency of alfalfa in low- yield fields by a field experiment method,and the orthogonal design was adopted to study the effects of recove- ring alfalfa productivity in low-yield fields with different levels of fertilizer ratio（organic fertilizer, potash fertil- izer, phosphate fertilizer）. The results showed that the effects of organic fertilizer and quantitative chemical fertilizer combinging application on the hay yield, nutritional quality and economic efficiency of alfalfa low-yield fields were better than the organic fertilizer （P〈0.05）. Compared with the control （no fertilizer）, all treat- ments significantly improved alfalfa hay yield in the low yield fields, it increased by 90% ～ 325%. The crude protein content of all treatments were significantly higher than the control, crude protein of M3PK （23.04%） was highest. All treatments significantly reduced alfalfa neutral detergent fiber （NDF） and acid detergent fiber （ADF） content in low-yield fields, the M3PK had lowest NDF （29.04%） and ADF （22.40%） content. In the orthogonal design of organic fertilizer and potash and phosphate fertilizer, organic fertilizer （30 000 kg·ha-1）＋phosphate fertilizer （200 kg·ha-1）＋potash fertilizer （100 kg·ha-1） was the best combination for alfalfa hayyield in low-yieldg fields, organic fertilizer （30 000 kg·ha-1） ＋phosphate fertilizer （600 kg·ha-1） ＋potash fertilizer （100 kg·ha-1 ） was the best combination for crude protein of alfalfa and organic fertilizer （30 000 kg·ha-1 ）＋phosphate fertilizer （600 kg·ha-1） b potash fertilizer （50 kg·ha-1） was the best combination for NDF and ADF of alfalfa. To compare the cost of each treatment, M3 P3 K2 [organic fertiliz- er （30 000 kg·ha-1） ＋phosphate fertilizer （600 kg·ha-1）＋potash fertilizer （100 kg·ha-1） ]ranked first in output, production, net income, with better economic benefits. Through comprehensive analysis M3P3K2 was more suitable to promote for the same low-yielding fields of alfalfa.