全混合日粮中添加牛至精油对泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛生产性能和蹄病发生率的影响

Effects of adding the oregano essential oil to the total mixed ration on production performance and incidence of hoof disease of lactating Holstein dairy cows

本研究旨在探讨向全混合日粮(TMR)中添加牛至精油对日粮温度、荷斯坦奶牛干物质采食量、产奶量和蹄病发生率的影响。选择72头健康荷斯坦奶牛,根据生产性能、泌乳天数和胎次相近原则进行配对试验设计分为试验组[产奶量(29.88±8.55)kg·d-1,TMR中添加牛至精油]和对照组[产奶量(29.15±7.07)kg·d-1,TMR中未添加牛至精油],每组36头牛。试验组奶牛按每天每头0.028 kg添加牛至精油。结果表明,在6月份17:00,7月份13:00、17:00,8月份13:00、17:00试验组TMR日粮温度升高幅度显著低于对照组(P<0.05);5月份试验组奶牛干物质采食量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),6、7、8月份极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);6、7、8、9月份试验组产奶量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。因此,牛至精油可降低TMR温度、改善适口性、提高新鲜度;同时还可增加奶牛干物质采食量及产奶量,尤其当奶牛处于北方夏季高温天气下,这一效果尤为显著。

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of adding oregano essential oil to the total mixed ration （TMR） on TMR temperature, dry matter intake, milk yield and incidence of hoof disease of lacta- ting Holstein. Based on similar performance paired principle, 72 healthy Holstein dairy cattles were divided into two groups including trial group Emilk production （29.88±8.55） kg · d -1, 0.028 kg · d -1 oregano essential oil in TMR] and control group Emilk production （29.15±7.07） kg · d -1 no oregano essential oil in TMR]. The results showed that the temperature increasing rates of the trial group diet were significantly lower （P〈0.05） than those of the control group which took place at 17：00 in June, 13..00 and 17：00 in July and August. The dry matter intake of trial group cattle was significantly higher than that of control group （P〈0.05） in May, and very significantly higher than that of control group （P〈0.01） in June, July and August. The milk yield of trial group cattle were very significantly higher than that of control group （P〈0.01） in June, July, August and September. There was no significant difference between the trial group and control group for the incidence of hoof disease. In conclusion, an addition of 0.028 kg · head-1 · d -1 oregano essential oil can reduce the temperature of TMR, and improve the palatability of TMR and the freshness of TMR, and increase dry matter intake and milk yield, especially for Holstein dairy cattle during the summer periods in the north when temperatures are high.